iindian  Blub  iwinging. 


BY  AN  AMATEUR. 


I'llIM'ED,   PUBLISHED   AND    SOLD    B 
E.     L.     FIM-.  (JO., 


INDIAN   CLUB 


SWINGING, 


BY   AN 


AMATEUR 


"For  want  of  EXERCISE,  appetite  fails;  for  want  of  EXER- 
CISE, comfortable  bodily  warmth  is  not  sustained ;  for  want  of 
EXERCISE,  refreshing  sleep  is  not  obtained" — Maclaren. 


E.   L.   FREEMAN  &   CO.,  PRINTERS  AND  PUBLISHERS. 

1884. 


Copyright,  1884,  by  BENJAMIN  GARDINER. 


'  They  led  me  bound  along  the  winding  flood, 
Far  in  the  gloomy  bosom  of  the  wood." 


'  Ah !  what  avail  the  largest  gifts  of  Heaven, 

When  drooping  health  and  spirits  go  amiss? 
How  tasteless  then  whatever  can  be  given ! 

Health  is  the  vital  principle  of  bliss, 
And  exercise  of  health.    In  proof  of  this, 

Behold  the  wretch  who  slugs  his  life  away, 
Soon  swallow'd  in  disease's  sad  abyss; 

While  he  whom  toil  has  braced,  or  manly  play, 
Has  light  as  air  each  limb,  each  thought  as  clear  as  day." 

—THOMPSON. 


INTRODUCTION. 


EXERCISE,    THE    LAW   OF    OUR   BEING. 

Every  well  informed  person  is  aware  that  wholesome 
and  vigorous  exercise  is  indispensable  to  the  enjoyment 
and  preservation  of  health.  This  is  the  physical  law  of 
our  terrestrial  life.  Milton  assumes  that  the  same  law 
prevails  in  the  celestial  sphere,  when  he  pictures  the  young 
immortals  engaged  in  active  sports  at  the  gate  of  Eden. 

"  Betwixt  these  rocky  pillars  Gabriel  sat, 
Chief  of  the  angelic  guards,  awaiting  night; 
About  him  exercised  heroic  games 
The  unarmed  youth  of  Heaven." 

THE    CHEAPEST   AND    MOST    CONVENIENT   KIND. 

The  exercise  with  the  Indian  Club,  while  excelled  by 
none  in  prompt  and  beneficial  results,  is  at  once  the  least 
expensive  and  the  most  convenient  of  modern  recreations. 
These  qualities  of  cheapness  and  convenience  strongly 
commend  it  to  that  large  class  in  every  community  which 
lacks  either  the  means  or  the  leisure  to  indulge  in  more 
elaborate  and  costly  diversions.  The  expense  of  the 
club-swinger's  equipment,  including  a  light  and  a  heavy 
set  of  clubs,  a  suitable  habit,  and  an  instruction  book, 
need  not  exceed  the  moderate  sum  of  ten  or  fifteen  dol- 
lars. Thus,  as  compared  with  riding,  boating  or  by- 
i* 


6  INDIAN   CLUB   SWINGING. 

cycling,  the  original  outlay  is  trifling,  while  the  subse- 
quent incidental  expenses  are  merely  nominal.  The  use 
of  the  clubs  also  comports  with  the  utmost  economy  of 
time.  To  improve  the  circulation  of  the  blood  and  im- 
part vitality  to  the  system  a  half  hour's  exercise  with  the 
clubs  is  fully  equivalent  to  two  hours  brisk  walking,  or 
three-quarters  of  an  hour  in  the  saddle  or  on  the  wheel. 
Again,  the  clubs  are  always  at  hand.  The  exercise  may 
be  enjoyed  at  whatever  hour  of  the  day  or  evening  may 
be  found  most  convenient  and  at  whatever  place ;  at 
home,*  in  the  hall  or  veranda  of  your  cottage,  or  in  the 
humming  workshop  ;  in  inclement  weather  as  well  as 
clear ;  alone,  or  with  companions.  Where  else  may  the 
toiling  student,  the  sedentary  mechanic,  and  the  busy  ac- 
countant find  an  exercise,  combining  so  pleasantly  phy- 
sical culture  and  recuperation  with  mental  relaxation,  at 
once  so  inexpensive,  so  accessible,  and  so  chary  of 
precious  time? 

ITS    SALUTARY   EFFECT. 

Club-swinging  promotes  appetite  and  digestion  by 
quickening  the  circulation  of  the  blood,  while,  by  dis- 
pelling nervous  excitement,  it  invites  continuous  and  re- 
freshing sleep.  More  directly  it  tends  to  strengthen  the 


*  A  strong  argument  in  favor  of  Indian  Club  swinging  is  based  on  its  perfect 
adaptation  to  home  exercise,  precluding  the  necessity  of  daily  visits  to  the  rink 
or  gymnasium, — often  at  inconvenient  distance;  often  demanding  night  atten- 
dance; not  unfrequently  cramped  for  space,  and  deficient  in  ventilation;  if  not 
open  to  more  serious  objections  in  respect  to  the  formation  of  youthful  habits 
and  associations.  Every  boy  should  be  provided  with  light  clubs  and  an  in- 
struction book,  and  encouraged  to  use  them  at  home. 

"  Stay,  stay  at  home,  my  heart,  und  rest ; 
Home-keeping  hearts  are  happiest, 
For  those  that  wander  they  know^not  where, 
Are  full  of  trouble  and  full  of  care ; 
To  stay  at  home  is  best." 


INDIAN   CLUB   SWINGING.  7 

wrist  and  arms  ;  to  expand  the  chest,  producing  deeper 
respiration  ;  to  brace  the  shoulders,  and  to  straighten  and 
invigorate  the  spinal  column,  thereby  inducing  the  habit 
of  erect  posture  and  graceful  carriage. 

POSITION. 

The  attitude  appropriate  to  this  exercise  may  .be  termed 
oratorical,  such  as  Webster  or  Everett  might  assume r 
calmly  surveying  a  popular  assemblage.  The  figure 
should  be  perfectly  erect,  looking  directly  forward ; 
shoulders  well  back,  arms  at  the  sides  with  the  elbows 
held  in ;  palms  of  the  hands  turned  partially  to  the 
front ;  knees  straight,  and  the  toes  turned  well  out ; 
thus  presenting  the  human  form  as  a  statue,  motionless, 
dignified  and  placid. 

GRASPING   THE    CLUB. 

The  most  easy  and  natural  way  of  grasping  the  club 
is  also  the  most  correct.  The  hand  should  be  closed 
firmly  close  to  the  ball  of  the  club,  the  thumb  being  ex- 
tended along  the  handle  in  order  to  control  its  movements 
in  sweeping  the  large  circles  and  arcs.  In  the  smaller 
circles  and  wrist  movements,  the  head  of  the  club  must 
be  released,  the  thumb  and  forefinger  only  clinging  to 
the  handle. 

THE    SUITABLE    WEIGHT. 

In  the  selection  of  clubs,  due  regard  should  be  paid  to- 
the  size  and  physical  condition  of  the  performer.  Each 
one  should  test  his  ability  by  swinging  clubs  of  different 
calibre  to  a  horizontal  position,  either  in  front  or  at  the 
side,  at  the  height  of  the  shoulders.  A  club  which  can 
be  placed  in  this  position  and  held  a  few  seconds  without 


8  INDIAN   CLUB   SWINGING. 

fatigue  is  suitable  for  rudimentary  practice.  In  most 
cases,  a  club  weighing  two  and  a  half  or  three  pounds  is 
heavy  enough  for  beginners.  Invalids  should  commence 
with  even  lighter  weights.  When  skill  is  acquired  and 
the  arms  are  rendered  hard  and  strong  by  habitual  exer- 
cise, heavier  clubs  may  be  assumed  with  safety.  The 
ponderous  clubs  sometimes  wielded  by  professional  ath- 
letes are  not  recommended  for  ordinary  use. 

EXACT    MOVEMENT. 

Precision  of  movement  is  of  the  utmost  importance  in 
club-swinging,  and  should  receive  careful  attention  from 
the  commencement  of  the  study.  A  careless  and  slovenly 
manipulation  is  alike  distasteful  to  the  beholder  and  use- 
less to  the  performer.  Lay  every  motion  to  the  line  and 
plummet.  Let  the  club  be  held  precisely  vertical,  pre- 
cisely horizontal  or  precisely  to  the  angle  of  forty-five 
degrees.  Sweep  the  circles  with  perfect  poise  and  delib- 
eration, conceding  to  each  its  largest  diameter  and  a  uni- 
form and  unvarying  contour. 

LENGTH    OF    SWEEP. 

The  circles  traced  with  the  clubs  vary  in  dimension. 
The  largest  have  a  diameter  equal  to  twice  the  length  of 
the  arm  and  club.  The  diameter  of  the  smallest  is  twice 
the  length  of  the  club.  The  dorsal  or  back  circles  being 
traced  with  the  bent  arm,  have  a  variable  diameter,  al- 
ways longer  than  twice  the  length  of  the  club,  but  less 
than  twice  the  length  of  the  arm  and  club.  Figure  8, 
exhibits  the  relative  size  of  these  three  classes  of  circles. 

STARTING   POINTS. 

The  various  points  of  departure  are  taken  with  refer- 
ence to  the  foot  of  the  club,  of  which  points  the  following 


INDIAN    CLUB   SWINGING. 

five  are  the  principal,  viz.  :  The  foot  of  the  club,  first  as 
it  hangs  vertically  downwards  at  the  side ;  second,  as  it 
is  held  perpendicularly  above  the  head ;  third,  as  it  is 
held  on  either  side  at  an  angle  of  forty-five  degrees  above 
the  horizontal  line  of  the  shoulders  ;  fourth,  as  it  is  held 
vertically  upwards  in  front  of  the  breast ;  fifth,  as  it  is 
held  horizontally  at  arm's  length  in  front,  at  the  height 
of  the  shoulders.  These  points  which  are  sufficiently 
definite  for  reference  and  description  are  numbered  1,  2, 
3,4,5,  and  are  plainly  illustrated  in  the  first  five  engraved 
diagrams.  Other  starting  points  will  be  adverted  to  as 
they  occur  in  the  text. 

THE    HABIT. 

When  taking  exercise,  the  person  should  be  lightly  ap- 
pareled in  order  to  allow  absolutely  free  and  unhampered 
motion  to  the  limbs  and  body.  For  class  drill,  a  loosely 
fitting  habit  of  soft  flannel,  as  shown  in  figure  6,  is  both 
convenient  and  becoming.  The  fashion  of  the  uniform 
is  not  so  material,  as  that  it  should  be  light  and  -easy 
fitting,  suitable  regard  being  paid  also  to  the  strength  and 
durability  of  the  fabric. 

DENOTATION. 

The  nomenclature  consists  in  the  assignment  of  specific 
letters  to  denote  the  various  circles  and  arcs  used  in  club- 
swinging.  It  greatly  facilitates  lucid  description,  fur- 
nishes a  simple  formula  for  each  swing,  obviates  the 
necessity  of  complicated  diagrams,  and  renders  self -in- 
struction practicable  and  comparatively  easy  in  cases 
where  the  text-book  is  the  only  available  source  of  infor- 
mation. The  large  circles  are  denoted  by  the  letters 
A  B'C  D  E  F  G  H  IJ ;  the  small  circles  by  1  m  n  o  p  q 
r  s  ;  the  medium  circles  by  w  x  Y  z. 


10  INDIAN    CLUB    SWINGING. 


PREVALENCE    OF    THE    EXERCISE. 

In  our  own  country  the  Indian  club  exercise  is  steadily 
gaining  in  popular  appreciation,  while  beyond  the  sea  it 
is  justly  held  in  high  repute  and  recognized  by  all  classes, 
from  prince  to  peasant,  as  a  valuable  agent  in  restoring 
and  preserving  health.  Poets,  familiar  with  the  customs 
and  pastimes  of  the  old  world,  frequently  allude  to  this 
and  other  manly  recreations,  pursued  even  by  royal  per- 
sonages as  an  indispensable  part  of  their:  early  physical 
education.  Longfellow  represents  King  Olaf  as 

"  Trained  for  either  camp  or  court, 
Skilful  in  each  manly  sport, 

Young  and  beautiful  and  tall; 
Art  of  warfare,  craft  of  chaces, 
Swimming,  skating,  enow-shoe  races, 

Excellent  alike  in  all." 


CHAPTER    I. 

MANUAL   OF   SINGLE   MOVEMENTS. 

SECTION  1. 

LARGE   FRONT,    SIDE   AND    HORIZONTAL    CIRCLES:     OBLONGS. 
FOUR   FRONT   CIRCLES. 

A. 

Taking  a  club  in  each  hand,  assume  naturally  and  without 
stiffness  or  constraint  the  swinger's  attitude  as  heretofore  de- 
scribed and  as  illustrated  in  the  first  engraving.  It  is  well,  also, 
in  your  early  practice  to  toe  a  line  on  the  floor,  making  the 
sweeps  of  the  club  with  reference  to  that  line,  either  in  the  same 
plane  or  in  vertical  planes  parallel  to  it,  or  cutting  it  at  right 
angles  as  the  case  may  be,  in  order  to  foster  and  develop  as 
quickly  as  possible  the  habit  of  precision. 

From  the  first  point  of  departure,  which  is  the  foot  of  the  club 
as  it  hangs  at  the  side,  swing  the  left  club  to  the  right,  describing, 
with  straight  arm,  a  complete  circle  in  front  of  the  person.  Make 
this  circle  several  times,  repeating  the  letter  by  which  it  is  de- 
noted. In  like  manner  swing  the  right  club  to  the  left  five  or  six 
times,  describing  a  similar  straight-arm  circle  in  front  of  the  per 
son,  repeating  each  time  either  mentally  or  audibly  as  you  may 
prefer,  the  significant  letter  A ;  tne  object  in  every  case  being 
to  associate  together  the  circle  and  the  letter  which  designates  it. 
The  two  circles  now  described,  although  swept  in  opposite  direc- 
tions, are  properly  denoted  by  the  same  letter  as  both  are  swept 
inwardly  across  the  person  of  the  swinger.  The  circle  A  as 
traced  by  the  left  and  right  club  is  shown  by  dotted  lines  and 
arrows  in  the  first  engraving.  Now,  sweep  the  circle  with  both 


12 


FRONT   CIRCLES. 


clubs,  each  in  turn  tracing  the  outer  curve,  both  clubs  starting 
at  the  same  moment.  Also  sweep  the  circle,  starting  the  left 
club  half  a  revolution  in  advance  of  the  right. 


FIG.   i. 

B. 

From  the  same  point  swing  the  left  club  to  the  left,  describing 
five  or  six  times  in  succession  a  full-sized  straight-arm  front  cir- 
cle, associating  with  this  movement  the  letter  ]3.  Also  swing 
the  right  club  to  the  right,  describing  several  times  a  similar 
circle  and  repeating  its  significant  letter.  Both  these  circles 
being  swept  outwardly  from  the  person  of  the  performer,  in  the 
vertical  plane  of  the  floor  line,  are  properly  denoted  by  the  same 
letter.  (See  first  engraving.)  Describe  this  circle  also  with  both 
clubs,  each  in  turn  tracing  the  outer  curve,  both  clubs  leaving 


FRONT   CIRCLES. 


13 


the  goal  at  the  same  moment.     Describe  it  also,  starting  one  club 
half  a  revolution  in  advance  of  the  other. 

c. 

Now  reverse  the  position  of  the  clubs  by  swinging  them  up, 
on  the  arc  of  the  circle  B  to  the  second  point  of  departure, 
where  they  are  held  perpendicularly  at  arm's  length  above  the 


Fig.  2. 

head.  From  this  point  move  the  left  club  to  the  right  making, 
five  times,  a  full-orbed  front  circle,  associating  with  this  move- 
ment the  letter  Q>  Make  a  similar  circle  five  times  by  moving 
the  right  club  to  the  left,  repeating  the  same  significant  letter. 
2 


14 


FRONT   CIRCLES. 


These  circles  again  are  swept  in  opposite  directions,  but,  never- 
theless, are  properly  denoted  by  the  same  letter,  inasmuch  as 
both  of  them  are  described  by  sweeping  the  club  inwardly  across 
the  person  of  the  swinger.  The  two  circles  denoted  by  Q  are 
shown  in  the  second  engraving.  Describe  this  circle  also  with 
both  clubs  moving  simultaneously,  that  is,  starting  at  the  same 
instant,  then  alternately,  that  is,  one  starting  ahead  of  the  other. 

D. 

From  the  same  point  2,  pass  the  left  club  to  the  left,  describ- 
ing a  complete  straight-arm  circle  in  front  of  the  person,  repeat- 
ing the  movement  several  times  and  designating  it  by  the  letter 
IX  Describe  similar  circles  by  passing  the  right  club  to  the 
right,  associating  the  letter  with  the  movement.  These  two 
classes  of  circles  both  move  outwardly  from  the  person,  and  ter- 


FRONT   CIRCLES. 


15 


minate  at  the  point 
of  departure  2. 
They  are  shown  in 
5  the  second  engrav- 
ing. Return  the 
clubs  on  the  D 
arcs  to  the  first  po- 
sition, which  is  a 

\  position  of  rest  as 
j  well  as  a  point  of 

/'  departure.  (Other 
positions  of  rest  are 
shown  in  the  fourth, 
sixth  and  seventh 
engravings.)  De- 
scribe £)  with  both 
clubs,  moving,  first 
simultaneously,then 
alternately. 


Fig.  4. 


Fig-  5- 


16 


SIDE   CIRCLES. 


FOUR  SIDE  CIRCLES. 

E. 

From  the  first  point  of  departure  swing  the  left  club  directly 
forward,  describing,  on  the  left  side  of  the  body,  several  per- 
fect straight-arm  circles,  cutting  the  plane  of  the  front  circles 
at  right  angles.  Describe  similar  circles  with  the  right  club, 
moving  directly  forward  on  the  right  side  of  the  body,  also  cut- 


Fig.  6. 


Fig.  7- 


ting  the  plane  of  the  front  circles  at  right  angles.  As  the  club 
completes  the  first  half  of  its  course  and  enters  the  descending 
arc  behind  the  shoulder,  assist  the  movement  by  slightly  swaying 
the  body  to  the  right  or  left,  as  the  case  may  require.  These 
circles  are  represented  by  the  dotted  lines  and  arrows  in  the 
ninth  engraving.  Describe  with  both  clubs,  allowing  one  of 
them  to  start  half  a  revolution  in  advance  of  the  other. 


SIDE   CIRCLES. 


17 


F. 

From  point  1,  swing  the  left  club  directly  backward,  describ- 
ing a  large  side  circle,  assisting  the  movement  by  swaying  the 
body  slightly  to  the  left.  Repeat,  naming  with  each  revolution 
the  distinctive  letter  p.  Describe  similar  circles  with  the  right 


Fig.  8. 

club,  moving  directly  backward  on  the  right  side  of  the  body 
which  sways  to  the  right  as  the  club  ascends  the  arc.  Endeavor 
to  keep  the  club,  throughout  the  entire  circuit,  in  the  true  plane 
which  crosses  the  floor  line  at  right  angles.  (Eng.  9.)  Describe 
with  both  clubs,  one  following  the  other  at  half  a  circuit's 
interval. 

G. 

Swing  the  clubs  up  the  arc  E  to  the  second  point  of  departure, 
holding  them  perpendicularly  at  arms  length  above  the  head. 

2* 


18 


SIDE   CIRCLES. 


From  this  point  move  the  left  club  directly  forward,  describing 
several  times  a  large  straight-arm  circle  on  the  left  side.  De- 
scribe a  similar  circle  with  the  right  club,  giving  the  distinctive 
name  of  the  circle,  G. 


Fig.  9. 

H. 

From  the  same  point  2,  drop  the  left  club  backward  describ- 
ing  H.  The  same  with  the  right  club.  Practice  the  circles  Q> 
and  J-J  with  both  clubs,  one  moving  half  a  circumference  in 
advance  of  the  other,  also  both  moving  at  the  same  moment  in 
opposite  directions,  the  left  describing  Q  and  the  right  J-J  or 
vice  versa.  Try  the  same  exercise  from  point  1,  the  left  club 
describing  E  and  the  right  F  or  vice  versa.  Favor  the  move- 


SIDE   CIRCLES.  19 

ments  by  swaying  the  person  slightly  to  the  right  and  left  as  each 
club  passes  to  the  rear.  In  these  circles  the  clubs  pass  each  other 
both  at  point  1  and  2.  (Eng.  9.) 

In  this  exercise  it  is  allowable  to  change  the  position  of  the 
feet,  by  placing  one  twelve  or  fourteen  inches  in  advance  of  the 
other,  .thus  securing  a  brace,  which  is  sometimes  required  when 
exercising  with  heavy  clubs.  (Eng.  10.) 


Fig.  10. 


TWO  HORIZONTAL  CIRCLES. 


I. 

Swing  the  clubs  up  on  the  arc  E  to  a  horizontal  position,. 
holding  them  straight  out  in  front,  at  the  height  of  the  shoulders. 
This  is  the  fifth  point  of  departure,  denoted  by  the  numeral  5* 


20  HORIZONTAL  CIRCLES. 

From  this  point  swing  the  left  club  to  the  right,  describing  large 
circles  in  a  horizontal  plane  directly  over  the  head,  associating 
with  these  circles  the  letter  J.  Describe  similar  circles  by  swing- 
ing the  right  club  to  the  left  in  the  same  horizontal  plane  above 
the  head.  The  tendency  of  the  club  to  sink  below  the  true  hor- 
izontal plane  at  certain  points  of  the  circuit  will  be  eventually 
overcome,  (Eng.  5.)  v  Describe  with  both  clubs,  each  in  turn 
tracing  the  upper  curve. 

J. 

From  the  same  point  5,  swing  the  left  club  to  the  left  and  the 
right  club  to  the  right,  describing  large  circles  in  the  same  hori- 
zontal plane  above  the  head.  These  circles  are  denoted  by  J 
and  illustrated  in  the  fifth  engraving.  The  overhead  horizontal 
circles  have  a  diameter  somewhat  shorter  than  that  of  the  front 
and  side  circles  previously  described,  as  the  arm  necessarily  con- 
tracts a  little  as  the  club  sweeps  around  back  of  the  head.  (Eng. 
5.)  Trace  with  both  clubs. 

TWO    ELLIPTICAL    CURVES. 

It  is  proper  to  advert  here  to  two  elliptical  movements  which 
are  described  from  the  fourth  point  of  departure,  the  clubs  being 
held  vertically  in  front  of  the  breast,  as  shown  in  the  fourth  en- 
graving. These  curves  bear  a  strong  resemblance  to  the  straight- 
arm  circles  C  and  D,  but  should  be  carefully  distinguished 
from  them.  As  the  movement  commences  with  the  bent  arm, 
the  vertical  diameter  is  shortened,  producing  an  oblong  figure 
instead  of  a  perfect  circle.  From  point  4,  sweep  the  left  club 
inwardly  to  the  right  just  as  in  the  circle  C  returning  to 
the  point  of  departure.  Make  the  same  movement  with  the 
right  club  moving  to  the  left.  Repeat  the  oblong  several  times 
with  each  club;  then  with  both  clubs  moving  alternately,  the 
right  starting  on  its  circuit  as  the  left  returns,  and  the  left  start- 
ing again  as  the  right  returns.  As  each  club  conies  in  to  its  goal, 
bring  it  to  a  position  just  back  of  its  mate  with  a  quick  arrest. 
(Eng.  4.) 

To  describe  the  second  elliptical  curve  sweep  the  left  club  out- 
wardly to  the  left  just  as  in  the  circle  D  returning  to  the  point 


INERTIA— BACK   CIRCLES.  21 

of  departure.  Make  the  same  movement  with  the  right  club, 
moving  outwardly  to  the  right ;  then,  for  an  exercise,  with  both 
clubs  moving  alternately,  the  right  starting  out  as  the  left  returns, 
and  the  left  moving  out  again  as  the  right  returns,  both  clubs 
moving  in  the  same  vertical  plane.  (Eng.  4.) 


SECTION  2. 

DORSAL  OR  BACK  CIRCLES. 

The  dorsal  circles  are  medium  in  size,  and  are  designated  by 
the  letters  W,  X,  Y,  Z.  The  first  two  of  these  back  circles  are 
described  from  the  first  point  of  departure.  In  describing  cir- 
cles from  this  point,  it  is  allowable,  in  starting,  to  swing  the  club 
gently  in  the  direction  opposite  to  the  movement  contemplated  ^ 
in  order  to  gain  momentum  to  carry  it  up  the  ascending  arc. 
In  every  circle  there  is  a  point  of  inertia  to  be  overcome  by  im- 
parting at  the  precise  moment  an  additional  impulse  to  the  club. 
In  circles  made  from  the  first  point,  this  impulse  is  required  at 
the  start.  In  those  emanating  from  the  second,  third  and  fourth 
points,  it  is  not  needed  at  starting,  because  the  club  immediately 
enters  a  descending  arc,  where  its  own  weight  affords  sufficient 
momentum.  In  these  cases  the  point  of  inertia  being  reached 
after  the  completion  of  the  first  semi-circle,  the  impulse  must  be 
imparted  at  that  moment. 

TWO  LOWER  DORSAL  CIRCLES. 

W. 

Assume  the  appropriate  attitude.  From  the  first  point  of  de- 
parture, throw  out  the  left  club  to  the  left  for  a  start;  then  carry 
it  to  the  right,  behind  the  person,  causing  it  to  describe  a  bent-arm 
circle  in  the  rear.  The  club  may  be  turned  either  by  a  flexible 
wrist  movement,  or  by  relaxing  the  grasp  so  as  to  allow  the  knob 
to  turn  in  the  hand,  holding  on  principally  by  the  muscles  of  the 
palm.  The  mode  is  immaterial  so  long  as  you  succeed  in  mak- 
ing a  smooth  and  even  circuit.  Describe  the  same  circle  with 
the  right  club  moving  first  to  the  right  for  a  start,  then  to  the 


%%  BACK   CIRCLES. 

left,  passing  behind  the  person.  Associate  with  these  circles  the 
significant  letter  W.  (Eng.  11.)  Turn  this  circle  with  both 
clubs,  moving  simultaneously. 


jU— ^ "~">>. 

:J^>^        \     \  s'  "^X  '      '  ^*X  -sN, 

^s  v    *        s'  **^        !    '  ^^^ 


w 


Fig.   ii. 
X. 

The  second  lower  dorsal  circle  denoted  by  X,  more  than  any 
other,  imperatively  needs  the  aid  of  acquired  velocity  in  order 
to  ensure  its  smooth  and  graceful  execution.  For  this  reason  it 
is  usually  made  to  follow  a  descending  sweep  of  the  club.  From 
point  1  first  impel  the  left  club  to  the  right  for  a  start.  As  it  re- 
turns, carry  the  hand  quickly  behind  the  hip,  bending  the  arm 
and  wrist  so  as  to  bring  the  head  of  the  club  nearly  to  the  arm- 
pit as  the  hand  passes  behind.  The  acquired  momentum,  to- 


BACK   CIRCLES.  £5 

gether  with  the  sudden  deflection  of  the  arm  from  its  previous 
course,  causes  the  foot  of  the  club  to  make  a  detour  in  the  re- 
verse direction  to  the  preceding  movement,  amounting  to  a  rear 
circle,  to  be  associated  with  and  designated  by  the  letter  X. 

Describe  the  same  circle 
with  the  right  club  mov- 
ing first  to  the  left  for 
the  sake  of  impetus. 
By  practicing  this  cir- 
cle in  connection  with, 
and  following  the  front 
circle  B  y°u  wi^  Per- 
ceive  at  once  how  great- 
ly accumulated  momen- 
tum assists  in  turning  it. 
The  lower  rear  circles, 
alone,  and  disconnected 
from  other  motions  are 
not  repeated  so  readily 
as  the  upper;  but  alter- 
nating with  other  mo- 
tions, as,  for  instance, 

Fig.  12.  the  front  circles  A  or 

B  or  the  front  circlets  p  or  q,  the  repeating  movement  soon 
becomes  equally  easy  and  natural,  as  will  be  made  clearly  appar- 
ent bye-and-bye.  (Eng.  12.)  Try  with  both  clubs,  in  connection 
with  the  front  circle  B. 


TWO    UPPER   DORSAL   CIRCLES. 

Y. 

Swing  the  clubs  up  on  the  arc  E  to  tbe  second  point,  holding 
them  perpendicularly  at  arm's  length  above  the  head.  From 
this  point  carry  the  left  club  to  the  right  behind  the  shoulders, 
causing  it  to  describe  a  medium  bent  arm  circle.  Describe  the 
same  with  the  right  club  moving  inwardly  to  the  left.  In  this 
circle  the  point  of  inertia  is  reached  just  as  the  club  enters  the 
ascending  arc  of  its  circuit,  and  at  this  point  an  additional  im- 
pulse must  be  imparted  from  the  hand.  Strive  to  carry  the  club 


BACK   CIRCLES. 


around  evenly,  adhering 
to  the  true  plane  of  the 
•circle,  and  allowing  it 
as  long  a  diameter  as 
the  bent  arm  will  per- 
mit. For  an  exercise 
try  this  circle  with  both 
clubs  moving  alternate- 
ly ;  also  with  both 
moving  simultaneously. 
Associate  with  this 
movement  the  letter  Y. 
(Eng.  13.) 


Z. 

From  the  same  point 
drop  the  left  club 
outward  to  the  left, 
describing  behind  the 
shoulders,  the  second 
upper  dorsal  circle  de- 
noted by  Z.  As  the 
club  approaches  the 
point  of  inertia,  impart 
at  the  opportune  mo- 
ment sufficient  impetus 
from  the  hand  to  carry 
Fig.  14.  it  smoothly  up  the  as- 

cending arc.     Associate  the  letter  with  the  movement.     Describe 
the  same  circle  with  the  right  club  moving  outwardly  to  the 


BACK   CIRCLES. 


right.     For  an  exercise,  try 
y.      both    clubs,    moving    alter- 
YV  nately.    (Eng.  14.)   Also  both 
Y  clubs  moving  simultaneous- 
*,  ly  ;   and  then  both   moving 
j  simultaneously    in     parallel 
/  circles,    one    describing    the 
circle  Y,  and  the  other  Z. 
(Eng.  15.)    Z  may  be  turned 
also  from  the  first  point  of 
departure,    by    turning    the 
arm    back    and  forcing   the 
club  up  the  ascending  arc. 


SECTION  3. 

EIGHT   CIRCLETS  OR  WRIST  CIRCLES. 

These  small  circles,  having  for  the  most  part  a  diameter  only 
twice  the  length  of  the  club,  are  numerous  and  are  described  in 
almost  every  plane,  sometimes  with  straight,  sometimes  with  bent 
arm,  and  at  such  height,  angle  or  position  as  the  swings  to  which 
they  are  attached  may  require.  They  are  worthy  of  attention, 
because  they  serve  to  relieve  the  longer  sweeps  and  diversify  the 
movements,  imparting  to  them  the  charm  of  variety,  which  is  a 
desirable  requisite  both  in  mental  and  physical  recreation.  In 
fact, 

"  Variety's  the  very  spice  of  life, 
That  gives  it  all  its  flavour." 

The  circlets  which  occur  most  frequently  are  the  following  : 


Swing  the  clubs  up  to  a  vertical  position  in  front  of  the  breast, 
which  is  the  fourth  point  of  departure,    Press  the  left  elbow 
s 


WRIST   CIRCLES. 


against  the  side,  at  the  same  time  turning  the  wrist  so  as  to  throw 
the  thumb  outwards.  Drop  the  club  directly  forward,  at  the- 
same  moment  relaxing  the  grasp  so  as  to  allow  it  to  turn  freely 
in  the  cavity  between  the  thumb  and  forefinger,  thus  whirling 
out,  on  the  outside  of  the  arm,  a  circlet,  of  which  the  wrist  is 
the  centre  of  motion  and  the  club  the  radius.  The  impelling 
force  is  applied  as  the  club  enters  the  last  half  of  its  circuit. 
Associate  with  this  circlet  the  distinctive  letter  1.  Whirl  the 
same  repeatedly  with  the  right  club.  (Eng.  16.)  Also,  with 
both  clubs:  first,  starting  together;  secondly,  one  starting  half  a 
revolution  ahead  of  the  other. 


Fig.  1 6. 


JUL 


Fig.  17. 


m. 


From  the  same  point,  reverse  the  preceding  movement,  drop- 
ping the  left  club  directly  backward,  on  the  outside  of  the  arm, 
whirling  a  circlet  precisely  like  the  first  except  being  swept  in 
the  opposite  direction.  The  denoting  letter  is  m.  Repeat  with 
the  right  club.  (Eng.  17.)  Also,  with  both  clubs:  first,  moving 
together;  secondly,  one  moving  half  a  circle  in  advance  of  the 
other. 


WRIST   CIRCLES. 


n. 

Straighten  the  elbows,  holding  the  clubs  vertically  at  arm's 
length,  either  in  front  or  veering  to  either  side.  Send  the  left 
•club  forward,  bringing  it  up  this  time  on  the  inside  of  the  arm. 
Denominate  this  circlet  n,  repeating  the  movement  with  the  right 
•club  as  usual.  (Eng.  18.)  Repeat  also  with  both  clubs. 

o. 

Reverse  the  preceding  movement,  sending  the  left  club,  from 
its  vertical  position,  directly  backward  on  the  inside  of  the  arm, 
producing  the  circlet  o.     Practice  the  same  with  the  right  club ; 
<Eng.  18.)  and  simultaneously,  with  both  clubs. 
4- 


Fig.  18. 


Fig.  19. 


Draw  the  arms  back  from  the  foregoing  position,  pressing  the 
left  forearm  snugly  to  the  body  (the  right  club  for  the  moment 
depending  at  the  side).  Starting  the  left  club  backward  towards 


28  WRIST   CIRCLES. 

the  elbow,  relaxing  the  grasp  and  twisting  the  wrist  so  as  to  bring 
the  thumb  outward,  whirl  a  circlet  on  the  outside  of  the  arm. 
Whirl  the  same  with  the  right  club  (the  left,  for  the  moment,  be- 
ing dropped  at  the  side,)  the  right  forearm  being  pressed  snugly 
to  the  body  as  the  club  drops  backward  towards  the  elbow.  (Eng. 
19.)  As  before  remarked,  these  circlets  are  whirled  from  differ- 
ent positions,  this  one  more  frequently  from  the  first  point  of 
departure.  Practice  p  from  the  first  point,  the  clubs  moving  in 
the  plane  of  the  great  circles  A  and  B.  (Eng.  &0.) 

q. 

Resume  the  position  in  front  of  the  breast.     Pressing  the  left 
forearm  snugly  to  the  body  (the  right  club  being  dropped  at  the 


7/ 


Fig.  20.  Fig.  21. 

side,)  whirl  a  circlet,  starting  the  left  club  forward  in  the  reverse 
direction  to  the  preceding  movement,  bringing  it  up  on  the  out- 
side of  the  arm.  Repeat  with  the  right  club.  (Eng.  19.)  Prac- 
tice q  also  from  the  first  point.  (Eng.  20.) 


Bring  the  clubs  to  point  5,  holding  them  horizontally  at  arm's 
length  in  front,  at  the  height  of  the  shoulders.     Whirl  a  circlet 


FRONT   ARCS.  29 

by  revolving  the  left  club  inwardly  to  the  right,  by  flexure  of 
the  wrist,  the  entire  revolution  being  in  front  of  the  body  and  in 
a  perfectly  horizontal  plane  above  the  arm.  Repeat  with  the 
right  club  revolving  to  the  left.  (Eng.  21.) 


From  the  same  point,  whirl  a  circlet  with  the  left  club  revolv- 
ing outwardly  to  the  left  in  the  same  horizontal  plane  over  the 
arm;  also  with  the  right  club  revolving  to  the  right.  (Eng.  21.) 

The  beginner  is  not  expected  to  make  all  these  circlets  with 
perfect  ease  and  smoothness  at  first.  Expertness  of  movement 
is  the  result  of  persistent  effort.  The  raw  mechanic  handles  the 
implements  of  his  trade  clumsily  enough  at  first;  by  and  by,  he 
uses  them  as  deftly  as  his  fingers.  The  skilful  feats  of  the  expe- 
rienced club-swinger  excite  wonder.  Half  an  hour's  daily  prac- 
tice will  enable  you,  in  a  year  or  so,  to  exhibit  the  same  feats. 
The  true  object  of  club-swinging,  however,  is  healthful  exercise 
rather' than  athletic  display. 

In  this  book  precedence  is  uniformly  given  to  the  left  arm, 
which  in  most  persons  is  weaker  than  the  right  in  consequence 
of  neglect  and  disuse.  By  giving  it  the  laboring  oar,  it  soon  at- 
tains almost  equal  vigor  and  dexterity ;  striving  nobly  with  the 
right  to  secure  for  its  master,  the  "  inestimable  wealth  of  health, 
till  he  becomes,  at  length,  erect,  broad-chested,  muscular,  vig- 
orous, healthy,  happy,  buoyant,  victorious." 


SECTION  4. 

ARCS   OF  CIRCLES. 


Arcs,  or  portions  of  the  circumference  of  circles  frequently 
enter  into  the  composition  of  swings.  They  are  usually  desig- 
nated by  the  letters  denoting  the  circles  of  which  they  form  a 
part.  When  it  is  unnecessary  to  indicate  the  direction  of  the 
sweep,  they  may  be  referred  to  simply  as  front  arcs,  side  arcs,  etc. 


FRONT   ARCS. 


Swing  both  clubs  up  to  point  3  on  the  left  side,  holding  them 
parallel  at  an  angle  of  forty-five  degrees  above  the  horizontal 

3* 


30 


SIDE   ARCS. 


.  7 


Fig.   22. 

line  of  the  shoulders.  From  this  point 
swing  them  to  and  fro  on  the  front  arc, 
carrying  them  well  up  on  each  side  so  as 
to  include  nearly  three-fourths  of  the  en- 
tire front  circle.  Hold  the  clubs  exactly 
parallel,  both  as  they  leave  the  point  of 
departure  and  as  they  approach  the  cor- 
responding point  on  the  opposite  side. 
(Eng.  22.) 

SIDE  ARCS. 

Swing  the  left  club  up  on  the  arc  E 
allowing  it  to  pass  over  the  left  shoulder, 
hanging  vertically  downwards.  Return 
on  the  same  arc,  allowing  the  club  to 
swing  beyond  the  starting  point  1,  as  far 
as  the  arm  will  permit.  Repeat  with  the 
right  club,  then  with  both.  (Eng.  7.) 

For  an  exercise  start  the  clubs  from 
opposite  points,  the  left  from  the  first  goal 


HORIZONTAL   ARCS.  31 

and  the  right  from  the  position  behind  the  shoulders.  As  the  left 
swings  forward  and  ascends  the  arc  E  ^e  right  comes  over  the 
shoulder  and  descends  the  same  arc.  As  the  left  descends  on 
the  return  sweep,  the  right  ascends  and  resumes  its  position  be- 
hind the  shoulder,  which  is  an  occasional  point  of  departure, 
denoted  by  the  numeral  7.  (Eng.  7.) 

HORIZONTAL   ARCS. 

Extend  the  left  club  horizontally  at  arm's  length,  on  the  left 
side,  at  the  height  of  the  shoulders;  also  the  right  club  on  the 
right  side,  at  the  same  height.  From  these  points  swing  them 


Fig.  23. 

simultaneously  back  and  forth  on  a  horizontal  arc,  turning  the 
body  at  the  waist  as  far  as  possible  without  changing  the  posi- 
tion of  the  feet.  (Eng.  23.)  The  above  starting  points  are  de- 
noted by  6. 

DORSAL  ARCS. 

From  point  1,  swing  the  left  club  gently  to  the  right  for  a 
start,  then  to  the  left,  passing  it  behind  the  left  shoulder,  and 
over  the  right  shoulder  and  the  head,  returning  by  the  arc  in 
front.  Repeat  with  the  right  club,  moving  first  to  the  left  for  a 


3%  REAR   ARCS. 

start,  then  to  the  right,  passing  behind  the  right  shoulder  and 
over  the  left  shoulder  and  the  head,  returning  by  the  arc  in  front. 
Also,  for  an  exercise,  extend  both  clubs  horizontally  at  arm's 
length  on  the  left  side,  holding  them  parallel  at  the  height  of  the 
shoulders.  From  this  point  swing  them  around  behind  the 
shoulders  on  a  horizontal  arc,  returning  by  the  arc  in  front. 
Also  start  the  clubs  from  the  corresponding  point  on  the  right 
side,  traversing  the  horizontal  arc  behind  the  shoulders,  and  re- 
turning by  the  arc  in  front.  (Eng.  24.) 


Fig.  24. 

Secondly.  Swing  both  clubs  up  to  a  horizontal  position  on 
the  left  side,  holding  them  parallel  at  the  height  of  the  shoulders 
as  before.  Turn  the  left  club  back  over  the  left  shoulder,  allow- 
ing it  to  traverse  the  dorsal  arc  and  pass  over  the  head,  while  at 
the  same  moment  the  right  club  traverses  the  arc  in  front;  as  the 
clubs  reach  a  corresponding  position  on  the  right  side,  turn  the 
right  club  back  over  the  right  shoulder  to  traverse  the  dorsal  arc, 
while  the  left,  dropping  in  front  of  the  face  sweeps  the  arc  in 
front,  and  so  on  continuously. 

Thirdly.     Raising  the  clubs  to  the  same  position  on  the  left 


RECIPE.  33 

side,  parallel,  at  the  height  of  the  shoulders,  turn  the  right  club 
back,  on  the  dorsal  arc  behind  the  right  shoulder,  and  at  the 
same  moment,  with  the  left  club  sweep  the  arc  in  front,  bringing 
both  clubs  to  a  corresponding  position  on  the  right  side;  then 
turn  the  left  club  back  on  the  arc  behind  the  left  shoulder  while 
the  right  club  sweeps  the  arc  in  front,  and  so  on  continuously. 

Fourthly.  Swing  the  left  club  back  and  forth  on  the  dorsal 
arc  and  at  the  same  time  the  right  club  back  and  forth  on  the 
front  arc,  counting  the  time  1.  2.  :  then  the  right  club  on  the 
dorsal  arc  and  the  left  on  the  front  arc,  and  so  on  alternately. 


The  chief  sources  of  health  and  longevity  are  diet,  air,  exer- 
cise and  tranquillity.  These  conditions  are  pithily  expressed  in 
the  following  aphorism: 

"  TV  ingredients  of  health  and  long  life  are 
Great  temperance,  open  air, 
INDIAN  CLUBS,  little  care." 


CHAPTER    II. 

• 

SWINGS   COMPOSED   OF   TWO   MOVEMENTS. 
DIVISIONAL   STRUCTURE  OF  SWINGS. 

Ordinarily,  in  exercising  with  the  Indian  Clubs,  both  hands 
are  employed  and  participate  equally  in  the  movements.  This 
circumstance  imparts  to  each  swing  a  two-fold  or  divisional 
character,  the  movements  made  with  the  left  club  constituting 
one  division  and  similar  movements  with  the  right  club,  the 
other.  These  divisions  are  commonly  united  in  two  ways,  ex- 
pressed in  the  formulas  by  the  initial  letters  (F)  and  (8).  The 
first  mode  of  union,  denoted  by  (F)  occurs  when  the  left  club 
executes  the  first  movement  of  the  swing  while  the  right  executes 
the  second.  The  second  mode  of  union  occurs,  when  both  clubs 
execute  simultaneously  each  movement  of  the  swing  in  suc- 
cession. 

Frequently  the  clubs  are  required  to  move  in  concert,  describ- 
ing parallel  circles  or  arcs  on  one  side  of  the  person.  Sometimes 
also,  instead  of  moving  strictly  in  concert,  one  club  follows  the 
other  at  an  interval  of  half  a  circle.  In  these  cases  each  division 
of  the  swing  comprises  the  actions  of  both  clubs  and  the  union 
consists  in  repeating  the  same  movements  an  equal  number  of 
times  on  the  other  side.  This  third  method  of  uniting  the  divis- 
ions of  which  a  swing  is  composed  is  expressed  in  the  formulas 
by  (T). 

It  is  well  to  remember  the  divisional  structure  of  swings,  and 
in  the  first  and  second  forms,  to  practice  each  division  separately 
before  uniting  them  to  complete  the  swing.  Even  in  the  third 
form,  clearer  insight  and  greater  facility  of  execution  will  be 
attained  by  resolving  the  swing  into  its  elements  and  requiring 
each  hand  to  do  its  work  apart  from  the  other. 


FORWARD   TWIST   1   AND   SIDE   CIRCLE    Q. 


35 


The  formula  placed  over  the  description  of  each  swing  indi- 
cates the  movements  composing  it;  the  order  in  which  they  are 
executed;  the  manner  in  which  the  divisions  are  united;  and  the 
points  from  which  the  start  is  taken. 


SECTION  1. 

SWINGS  COMPOSED   OF  TWO   CIRCLES. 
1. 

1    G.    (F.)    2. 

The  formula  indicates  that  this  swing  is  composed  of  the  for- 
ward circlet  1,  followed  by  the  forward  side  circle  G ;  that  the 
two  parts  of  the  swing  are  united  by  the  first  method;  and  that 
the  movements  emanate  from  the  second  point  of  departure. 

2 


Fig.  25. 


36  FORWARD   TWIST   1   AND   SIDE   CIRCLE    Q 

Refer  back  to  the  manual  of  single  movements,  if  necessary,  in 
order  to  refresh  your  memory  in  relation  to  these  circles.  This 
being  done,  swing  both  clubs  up  by  the  arc  E  to  tne  second 
point  of  departure.  (These  points  are  often  called  goals.)  From 
this  point,  whirl  the  circlet  with  the  left  club,  and  immediately 
after,  without  any  pause  in  the  movement,  the  large  forward  side 
circle.  These  two  movements  constitute  the  left  division  of  the 
swing.  The  same  movements  made  with  the  right  club  form  the 
right  division.  Practice  with  each  club  until  the  transition  from 
the  small  circle  to  the  large  and  from  the  large  to  the  small  be- 
comes easy  and  natural.  Now  complete  the  swing  by  uniting 
the  two  component  parts  according  to  the  first  method,  as  fol- 
lows: Both  clubs  starting  at  the  same  momemt,  each  from  its 
own  goal,  the  left  club  whirls  the  circlet,  while  the  right  sweeps 
the  large  circle;  then  the  left  sweeps  the  large  circle  while  the 
right  whirls  the  circlet.  Favor  the  long  sweeps  by  swaying  the 
body  from  side  to  side  as  the  swing  proceeds.  (Eng.  25.) 

The  element  of  correct  time  is  indispensable  in  club-swinging 
and-should  receive  careful  attention  from  the  beginning  of  your 
practice.  Each  movement  of  the  club  should  be  measured  and 
regular  as  the  swinging  of  a  pendulum.  Be  careful  also  to  as- 
sume and  adhere  to  the  correct  working  attitude,  keeping  the 
body  perfectly  erect,  knees  straight,  and  toes  turned  out,  as  ex- 
plained in  the  introduction. 

The  above  swing  is  often  varied  by  increasing  the  number  of 
circlets.  For  example,  add  two  more  circlets  to  each  division. 
Then  the  left  club  will  turn  three  1's  while  the  right  club  turns 
two  1's  and  Q ;  and  when  the  left  turns  two  1's  and  G,  the  right 
turns  three  1's.  Practice  this  variation  occasionally  for  a  change. 
Formula  for  the  left  club  111) 

"      •«     "       right  "    1  1  GJ(F)2. 

2. 

P    A.     (F.)     1. 

This  formula  indicates  that  the  swing  is  composed  of  a  small 
and  a  large  circle;  also  that  the  small  circle  precedes  the  large; 
that  the  two  parts  of  the  swing  are  joined  by  the  first  method, 
and  that  the  goal  or  starting  point  is  the  foot  of  the  club  as  it 
hangs  by  the  side. 


FRONT  TWIST   p   AND   FRONT   CIRCLE   A. 


37 


Starting  the  foot  of  the  left  club  to  the  right  from  goal  1, 
whirl  the  circlet  p,  sweeping,  instantly  after,  the  large  straight- 
arm  front  circle  A.  (For  a  particular  description  of  these  cir- 
cles refer  to  the  manual.)  These  two  movements  form  the  left 
division  of  the  swing,  the  same  movements  made  with  the  right 
club,  from  the  right  goal,  forming  the  right  division.  Practice 
each  division  separately  and  then  unite  them  by  the  first  method, 


Fig.  26. 

thus.  Both  clubs  moving  at  the  same  moment,  while  the  left 
turns  the  circlet  p,  the  right  sweeps  the  great  circle  A  '  an(i 
when  the  left  sweeps  A,  tne  right  reverts  to  p.  (Eng.  26.) 


P    A.     (S.)    1. 

This  swing  consists  of  the  same  circles  swept  from  the  same 
points,  and  in  the  same  order.  The  divisions  are  the  same,  but 
they  are  joined  together  by  the  second  method,  which  produces 


38  .  FRONT   TWIST   Q   AND   FRONT   CIRCLE    B 

from  the  same  elements  quite  a  different  swing.  Starting  both 
clubs  from  point  1  at  the  same  moment,  whirl  both  circlets  sim- 
ultaneously and  then  both  large  circles.  As  the  clubs  pass  in 
front,  assign  the  outside  circuit  to  each  in  turn.  (Eng.  26.) 


q   B.   (F.)   i. 

The  circles  of  this  formula  are  described  in  the  same  plane  as 
those  of  the  two  formulas  immediately  preceding,  but  the  sweeps 
of  the  club  are  reversed.  The  left  club  moving  to  the  left  from 
the  first  goal,  whirls  the  circlet  q,  followed  promptly  by  the 
straight-arm  circle  B.  These  two  movements  form  the  first 
half  of  the  swing,  the  second  half  being  composed  of  the  same 
movements  made  by  the  right  club  moving  to  the  right.  After 
practicing  separately,  unite  the  two  parts  by  the  first  method, 
the  left  club  turning  q  as  the  right  makes  the  large  circle  B  : 
then,  as  the  left  sweeps  the  B,  the  right  reverts  to  q.  The  circ- 
let is  turned  by  an  impulsive  wrist  movement,  the  knob  of  the 
club  being  grasped  by  the  thumb  and  fingers.  (Eng.  26.) 

5. 

q   B.   (8.)   1. 

In  this  swing,  the  divisions  are  the  same  as  in  No.  4,  but  the 
union  is  effected  by  the  second  method,  which  requires  both 
clubs  to  whirl  simultaneously  the  circlet  q,  and  then  to  follow 
with  the  large  circle,  each  club  in  turn  taking  the  outer  circuit. 
(Eng.  26.) 

6. 

P    D.    (F.)    3. 

In  this  light  and  airy  swing,  the  circlet  p  is  whirled  at  arm's 
length  at  the  side,  on  the  inside  of  the  arm,  the  club  being  held 
by  the  thumb  and  fingers.  When  whirled  from  this  point  p  co- 
incides with  n.  Throw  the  left  club  up  to  goal  3,  holding  it  at 
arm's  length  at  an  angle  of  forty-five  degrees  above  the  horizon- 
tal line  of  the  shoulders.  Whirl  the  circlet,  the  club  passing 
at  once,  at  this  identical  point,  into  the  circumference  of  the 


TWIST   p   AT   45°   AND   FRCXNT   CIRCLE 


39 


straight-arm  circle  D  the  two  movements  forming  the  first 
division  of  the  swing.  Throw  the  right  club  up  to  the  third 
goal  on  the  right  side,  whirling  the  circlet  and  sweeping  the  cir- 
cle from  this  point,  these  movements  forming  the  second  divis- 
ion. After  drilling  on  each  division  separately,  unite  the  two 


parts  by  the  first  method,  the  left  club  whirling  the  small  circle 
while  the  right  sweeps  the  large  and  vice  versa.  Discontinue  or 
prolong  the  movement  at  pleasure.  (Eng.  3.)  When  a  swing  is 
undertaken  for  the  purpose  of  learning  it,  it  is  well  to  adhere  to 
the  exercise  with  somewhat  greater  pertinacity  than  will  be  re- 
quired after  the  movement  has  been  thoroughly  mastered  and 
long  familiarity  has  rendered  it  easy  and  natural. 


40 


BACK   CIRCLE   Y  AND   FRONT   CIRCLE 


7. 

P    D.    (S.)    3. 

Swing  both  clubs  up  to  goal  3,  each  on  its  own  side  of  the 
person,  holding  them  at  arm's  length  at  the  angle  before  men- 
tioned. From  these  points  whirl  simultaneously  with  both 
clubs  the  circlet  p,  from  which  the  clubs  pass,  without  pausing, 
into  the  large  front  circle  D,  each  in  turn  taking  the  outside 
circuit,  as  long  as  the  swing  continues.  (Eng.  3.) 

8. 
Y    C.    (F.)    2. 

Swing  the  clubs  up  to  goal  2,  either  by  the  arc  E  or  B. 
Drop  the  left  club  inwardly  to  the  right,  tracing  a  bent-arm  cir- 


\ 


Fig.  27. 


BACK   CIRCLE   Y   AND   FRONT   CIRCLE 


41 


cle  behind  the  head  and  shoulders,  which  is  the  first  upper  dor- 
sal circle  described  in  the  manual.  On  the  completion  of  this 
circle,  the  club  makes  no  pause,  but  continues  right  on  into  the 
straight-arm  front  circle  C,  completing  the  sweep.  These  move- 
ments constitute  the  left  half  of  the  swing,  the  same  movements 
executed  by  the  right  club  constituting  the  second  or  right  half. 
Practice  separately,  and  then  unite  by  (F).  Both  clubs  moving 
simultaneously,  the  left  traces  the  back  curve  while  the  right 
traces  the  front;  and  conversely  the  left  traces  the  front,  while 
the  right  traces  the  back.  Make  full,  free  circuits  behind  as  well 
as  in  front,  sinking  the  clubs  well  down  as  they  pass  the  shoul- 
ders, thus  granting  to  the  dorsal  curve  as  long  diameter  as  the 
bent  arm  will  permit.  (Eng.  27.) 


Y    C. 


2. 


From  the  same  goal  or  starting  point,  unite  the  two  divisions 
according  to  the  second  method,  the  result  being  a  swing  wholly 


42  BACK    CIRCLE   Z   AND   FRONT   CIRCLE   Dt 

different  in  appearance,  and  bringing  into  action  a  different  set 
of  muscles.  The  clubs  starting  at  the  same  instant  cross  first 
behind  the  head  as  they  turn  the  double  dorsal  and  again  in  front 
as  they  sweep  into  the  straight-arm  circles.  It  adds  to  the  sym- 
metry of  the  swing  if  each  club  is  made  to  assume  the  outer  cir- 
cuit in  turn,  both  in  the  back  and  front  sweeps,  but  if  found  too 
difficult  at  this  stage  of  your  career,  this  point  may  be  waived 
till  a  subsequent  period  of  the  course.  (Engs.  27  and  35.) 

10. 

2    D.     (F.)    2. 

The  point  of  departure  is  again  at  2.  Drop  the  left  club  out- 
wardly to  the  left,  tracing  the  second  upper  dorsal  circle  described 
in  the  manual.  Depress  the  club  as  it  passes  behind  the  shoul- 
ders, sweeping  it  directly  onward  into  the  outer  front  circle  D 
the  dorsal  and  the  front  circle  together  forming  the  first  division 
of  the  swing.  Connect  by  the  first  method,  which  requires  the 
left  club  to  sweep  the  dorsal  circle  while  the  right  sweeps  the 
front  circle;  the  left  club  passing  into  the  front  circle  as  the  right 
reverts  to  the  dorsal.  Practice  well  each  division  before  attempt- 
ing to  unite  them.  Make  full,  free  circuits  both  front  and  rear, 
with  smooth  continuous  movement,  the  less  circle  gliding  into 
the  greater  at  the  convenient  point  where  the  contours  unavoid- 
ably approach  and  blend.  (Eng.  27.) 

11. 

Z     D.     (S.)    2.     (Engs.  27  and  36.) 

The  union  of  the  two  divisions  by  the  second  method  produces 
a  swing  essentially  different,  both  in  muscular  action  and  in  vis- 
ual effect.  From  goal  2  turn  the  dorsal  circle  with  both  clubs, 
followed  promptly  by  the  front  circles.  As  the  clubs  sweep  past 
each  other  above  the  head,  in  front,  carry  them  well  out  to  the 
right  and  left  in  order  to  afford  ample  scope  and  plenty  of  sea- 
room,  in  which  to  repeat  the  double  dorsal.  (Eng.  36.) 

This  swing  expands  the  chest  and  braces  back  the  shoulders 
finely.  It  also  invites  repose. 


BACK   CIRCLE   Z   AND   FRONT   CILCLE 


43 


\ 


Fig.  36. 

The  potency  of  the  exercise  with' the  Indian  clubs  in  inducing 
sleep,  is  beautifully  symbolized  in  the  legend  of  Kwasind,  the 
strong  man,  by  Longfellow. 

"  To  his  ear  there  came  a  murmur 
.  As  of  waves  upon  a  sea-shore, 
As  of  far-off  tumbling  waters, 
As  of  winds  among  the  pine-trees ; 
And  he  felt  upon  his  forehead 
Blows  of  little  airy  war-clubs, 
Wielded  by  the  slumbrous  legions 
Of  the  Spirit  of  Sleep,  Nepahwin; 
As  of  some  one  breathing  on  him. 

At  the  first  blow  of  their  war-clubs, 
Fell  a  drowsiness  on  Kwasind; 
At  the  second  blow  they  smote  him, 
Motionless  his  paddle  rested ; 
At  the  third,  before  his  vision 
Reeled  the  landscape  into  darkness, 
Very  sound  asleep  was  Kwasind." 


44 


BACK   CIRCLE   Y   AND   FRONT   CIRCLE    Q. 


12. 

Y    G.     (F.)    2. 

From  goal  2  describe  the  inner  dorsal  Y  with  the  left  club, 
which  passes  at  once  into  the  large  circle  Q  the  two  movements 
making  the  first  division  of  the  swing;  the  same  movements. 


\ 


\ 


Fig.  28. 

made  with  the  right  club  form  the  second  division.  Connect 
them  by  (F.)  In  this  swing,  the  union  of  the  two  divisions  by 
(S)  should  not  be  attempted,  as  it  subjects  the  shoulder  joints  to 
too  severe  a  test.  (Eng.  28.) 

13. 

r    I.     (F.)    5. 

Raise  the  clubs  to  goal  5,  holding  them  horizontally  in  front, 
at  the  height  of  the  shoulders,  at  arm's  length.     Cause  the  left 


HORIZONTAL  TWIST  T  AND   CIRCLE 


45 


club,  moving  to  the  right,  to  revolve  above  the  left  arm,  in  a 
perfectly  horizontal  plane,  describing  the  circlet  r,  which  has  for 
a  radius  the  length  of  the  club  only,  the  entire  circlet  being 
swept  in  front  of  the  person;  then  immediately  after,  sweep  the 
club  inwardly  to  the  right  again,  describing  the  large  circle  X  in 
the  horizontal  plane  over  the  head,  half  the  circuit  lying  in  front 
of  the  head  and  half  behind  it.  After  practicing  the  divisions 


Fig.  29. 

separately,  unite  them  by  (F),  the  left  club  revolving  on  the  wrist 
as  on  a  pivot,  while  the  right  sweeps  the  entire  circuit,  front  and 
back,  over  the  head.  As  the  left  movement  expands  into  the 
large  circle,  the  right  contracts  into  the  small.  Confine  the  clubs 
strictly  to  the  horizontal  plane,  a  task  requiring,  at  first,  special 
effort  on  the  part  of  the  performer.  (Eng.  29.) 


14, 

r    I.     (S.)    5. 

Unite  the  two  divisions  by  the  second  method,  by  causing  both 
clubs,  first,  to  revolve  on  the  wrist  as  on  a  pivot  describing  r, 
and  secondly,  to  sweep  the  large  circle  I  at  arm's  length  over 
the  head.  (Eng.  29.) 


46 


HORIZONTAL  TWIST   S   AND   CIRCLE  J. 


15. 

s    J.    (F.)    5. 

From  the  same  goal,  cause  the  left  club  to  revolve  to  the  left, 
first,  in  the  small  and  then  in  the  large  circumference;  also  the 
right  club  to  revolve  to  the  right,  first,  in  the  small  and  then  in 
the  large  circuit;  unite  the  divisions  by  (F).  (Eng.  29). 

1G. 

s    J.     (S.)    5. 

Work  both  clubs  simultaneously,  turning  both  outwardly, 
first,  on  the  circlet  and  then  on  the  circle,  repeating  at  pleasure. 
(Eng.  29.) 

The  diameter  of  the  overhead  horizontals  is  of  necessity  some- 
what shorter  than  that  of  the  other  large  circles,  in  consequence 
of  the  unavoidable  bending  of  the  arm  as  the  club  passes  behind 
the  head. 


ly  V 


Fig.  30. 


FRONT  CIRCLE  A  A^!>  BACK  CIRCLE  W.     47 

17. 

A  W.  (F.)  1. 

The  left  club  moving  to  the  right  sweeps,  from  the  first  goal, 
the  large  straight-arm  circle  A  m  front,  after  which  it  passes, 
almost  without  change  of  direction,  back  of  the  person,  where 
it  describes  the  first  lower  dorsal  circle  W,  the  two  movements 
forming  the  first  half  of  the  swing.  The  same  movements  re- 
peated with  the  right  club  form  the  second  half.  Make  the  con- 
nection by  (F),  the  left  club  sweeping  in  front,  while  the  right 
turns  at  the  back,  and  vice  versa.  In  turning  the  lower  dorsal 
relax  the  grasp,  retaining  hold  on  the  button  of  the  club  chiefly 
by  the  muscular  contraction  of  the  palm  of  the  hand.  The 
wrorking  of  the  head  of  the  club  in  the  hand  is  somewhat  after 
the  manner  of  a  ball  and  socket  joint.  (Eng.  30.) 

18. 

A   w.  (S.)   i. 

Unite  the  divisions  by  (IS),  both  clubs  moving  on  A  an(i  tlien 
both  on  W.  The  swing  is  rendered  more  symmetrical  if  each 
club  in  turn  is  made  to  take  the  outer  circuit,  both  front  and 
rear,  but  this  point  is  not  pressed  at  present.  The  art  of  turning 
the  rear  circles  simultaneously  without  contact  of  the  clubs  is 
soon  acquired.  (Eng.  30.) 

19. 

B    X.    (F.)    1. 

The  left  club,  moving  outwardly  to  the  left  describes  the  front 
circle  ]3  followed  immediately  by  the  second  lower  dorsal  circle, 
denoted  by  X,  and  detailed  at  length  in  the  manual.  The  force 
accumulated  from  the  downward  sweep  of  the  large  circle  and 
the  sudden  change  of  direction  suffice  to  cause  the  foot  of  the 
club  to  take  a  circular  route  behind  the  hrp.  Unite  the  divisions 
by  (F).  As  the  right  club  has  no  accumulated  force  to  start  with, 
it  may  be  held  in  abeyance  during  the  first  movement  by  the  left, 
or,  the  dorsal  movement  may  be  simply  feinted.  Momentum 
being  an  indispensable  element  in  this  dorsal  circle,  it  should 
always  be  made  to  follow  a  descending  sweep.  (Eng.  30.) 


48 


FROKT   CIRCLE 


AND   BACK   CIRCLE 


20. 

B   x.   (S.)   i. 

Both  clubs  simultaneously  sweep,  first,  the  front  circle  B,  aud, 
secondly,  the  back  circle  X,  repeating  continuously.     (Eug.  30.) 


21. 


B 


(F.)    1. 


The  left  club  moving  to  the  left  describes  the  large  circle  B. 
As  the  club  goes  past  the  person  in  front,  let  it  swing  beyond 
the  goal  to  a  horizontal  point  at  the  height  of  the  shoulders, 


I 

'         Bl 


31- 


from  which  point  it  takes  the  opposite  direction,  describing  the 
dorsal  W,  in  the  rear.  These  movements  are  the  first  division, 
the  second  being  the  same  movements  performed  with  the  right 
club.  Unite  by  (F).  (Eug.  31). 


FRONT   CIRCLE   A   AND   BACK   CIRCLE   X.  49 


B    w.   (S.)   1. 

Describe  the  front  circle  with  both  clubs.  As  they  go  past  the 
person  in  front,  allow  them  to  swing  beyond  the  goals  till  they 
reach  a  horizontal  position  on  opposite  sides,  thus  affording  an 
opportunity  for  the  free  and  graceful  performance  of  the  double 
dorsal  W.  (Eng.  31.) 

28. 

A    X.     (F.)    1. 

With  the  left  club  moving  to  the  right,  describe  the  large  front 
circle  A.  As  the  club  descends,  let  it  swing  well  past  the  goal 
in  front  of  the  person,  preparatory  to  executing  the  lower  dorsal 
X  :  then  execute  the  dorsal  as  previously  directed.  These 
movements  form  the  left  division  of  the  swing,  the  right  divis- 
ion being  formed  of  the  same  movements  made  with  the  right 
club.  After  separate  practice  unite  the  divisions  by  the  first 
method.  (Eng.  31.) 

24. 

A   x.    (S.)   1. 

Unite  the  two  divisions  by  the  second  method.  First  describe 
with  both  clubs  the  double  front  circle  A,  allowing  the  clubs  to 
go  well  past  the  goals  in  front  preparatory  to  turning  the  double 
dorsal.  Then  turn  the  double  dorsal.  Repeat  several  times. 
(Eng.  31.) 

25. 

Y    1.    (F.)    2. 

Swing  the  clubs  up  on  the  arc  E  or  B  to  tne  second  point  of 
departure,  holding  them  perpendicularly  above  the  head.  From 
this  point  the  left  club,  moving  to  the  right  describes  the  upper 
dorsal  Y,  and  immediately  after  from  the  same  point  the  forward 
circlet  1.  Make  the  union  by  (F).  (Eng.  32.) 

5 


50 


BACK   CIRCLE   Y   AND   FORWARD   TWIST   1. 


26. 

Y    1.    (S.)    2. 


Unite  the  divisions 
by  (S),  executing  first 
the  double  dorsal  and 
then  the  double  circ- 
let. (Eng.  32). 


W 


27. 

Z.     (F.) 


1. 


This  is  an  attractive 
formula,  but  requires 
both  care  and  skill  in 
the  execution.  De- 
scribe the  lower  dor- 
sal W,  impelling  the 
left  club  first  gently 
to  the  left  and  then  to 
the  right,  turning  the 
circle  behind  the  hips. 
After  making  the  turn 
bring  the  club  quickly 
around  in  front  of  the 
person,  and  carry  it 
up  the  front  arc  A.  to 
a  point  convenient  for  turning  the  left  dorsal  Z,  which  is  then 
turned.  The  short  arc  in  front,  required  to  connect  the  lower 
back  circle  with  the  upper  is  not  expressed  in  the  formula,  as  it 
comes  in  of  necessity,  it  being  impossible  otherwise  to  execute 
the  swing.  These  several  movements  constitute  the  left  section 
of  the  swing,  the  right  section  consisting  of  similar  movements 
made  with  the  right  club.  Practice  each  section  thoroughly  be- 
fore attempting  to  unite  them.  The  union  is  by  (F).  The  left 
club  turns  the  W  below,  while  the  right  turns  Z  above,  and 
when  the  left  ascends  the  arc  to  perform  the  Z,  the  right  de- 
scends to  execute  the  W.  In  this,  as  in  other  swings  involving 
the  lower  dorsal  movement,  the  execution  should  be  slow  and 
deliberate.  (Eng.  33  ) 


32. 


BACK   CIRCLES  W  AND   Z. 


51 


28. 
W    Z.    (S).     1. 

With  both  clubs  moving  simultaneously  describe  the  dorsal 
W:   then  bringing  the  clubs  in  front,  carry  them  up  the  inner 

2 


A? 

Z 


33- 


arc  A  niaking  a  generous  detour  to  the  right  and  left  so  as  to 
allow  the  Z  to  be  turned  fairly  and  squarely  in  its  own  proper 
place  behind  the  shoulders.  In  swings  of  this  kind  much  of  the 
interest  attached  to  them  depends  upon  the  style  of  execution. 
The  movements  should  never  be  hurried  nor  cramped,  but  on 
the  contrary  quite  moderate  in  point  of  time,  and  free  and  lib- 
eral in  point  of  space.  (Engs.  11  and  33.) 

29. 

Under  this  head  are  included  several  swings  which  are  grouped 
together  on  account  of  their  similarity.     They  are  designed  to 


52 


FRONT  TWIST  p  AND   BACK   CIRCLE   W. 


impart  proficiency  and  skill  in  turning  the  lower  back  circles  in 
connection  with  the  circlets.  The  student  should  revert  to  them 
from  time  to  time  as  he  may  find  leisure  and  opportunity,  some- 


Fig.   ii. 

thing  more  than  mere  cursory  and  superficial  practice  being  re- 
quired to  attain  perfect  ease  and  dexterity  in  turning  these 
circles. 

"  He  who  would  search  for  pearls  must  dive  below." 

The  formulas  are  as  follows : 

1st. 
p    W.     (F.)    1. 

With  an  impulsive  motion  of  the  wrist  turn  the  circlet  p  in 
front,  in  the  plane  of  the  great  circle  A   with  the  left  club,  and 


FORWARD   TWIST   1   AND   BACK    CIRCLE   W.  53 

at  the  same  moment  the  dorsal  circle  W,  in  the  rear,  with  the 
right:  then,  changing  duty,  the  left  club  turns  the  dorsal  and 
the  right  the  circlet.  In  turning  the  circlets,  throw  the  clubs 
well  out  to  the  right  and  left  in  order  to  afford  a  straight  sweep 
behind  for  the  W.  A  finer  bent-arm  and  wrist  movement  than 
this  need  not  be  desired. 

3d. 
P    W.     (S.)    1. 

Unite  the  divisions  also  by  the  second  method,  first  turning  the 
p  with  both  clubs,  and  then  the  W. 

3d. 
q     W.     (£.)     1. 

Turn  the  circlet  q  with  the  left  club  moving  outwardly  to  the 
left  from  the  first  goal,  in  the  plane  of  the  great  circle  ]3  •  at 
the  same  time  turn  the  back  circle  W  with  the  right  club,  also 
moving  to  the  left.  Then  describe  the  dorsal  with  the  left  club 
and  the  circlet  with  the  right.  The  movement  is  similar  to  that 
in  No.  21,  the  small  circle  q  taking  the  place  of  the  large  circle 
B.  Unite  the  divisions  also  by  the  second  method,  the  formula 
being  q  W.  (S.)  1. 

4th. 

Left  club   1    W  )  ,mv  « 
Right    "      1    q    j(1 

In  this  swing  the  point  of  departure  for  both  clubs  is  goal  3 
on  the  left  side.  From  this  point  both  clubs  start  at  the  same 
time  and  make  as  nearly  as  possible  the  same  movements;  q  in 
front  corresponding  to  W  in  the  rear.  These  movements  made 
on  the  left  side  with  both  clubs  form  the  left  division  of  the 
swing,  and  similar  movements  made  with  both  clubs  from  goal 
3  on  the  right  side  form  the  right  division.  The  third  method 
of  union  enunciated  at  the  beginning  of  this  chapter  is  applied 
in  this  case.  Swing  both  clubs  up  to  goal  3  on  the  left  side. 
From  this  point,  whirl  the  circlet  1  with  both  clubs,  after  which, 
both  traversing  the  short  intervening  arc,  the  left  club  turns  the 
lower  dorsal  W  behind  the  hips,  while  the  right  turns  the  cor- 
5* 


54        BACKWARD  TWISTS  O  &  HI  &  BACK  CIRCLE  W. 

responding  circle  q  in  front.  Now  swing  both  clubs  up  to  goal 
3  on  the  right  side,  from  which  point  both  clubs  turn  the  circlet 
1,  descend  together  the  short  intervening  arc,  the  right  passing 
behind  the  hips  and  turning  the  dorsal  while  the  left  turns  the 
corresponding  circle  q  in  front.  Thus  the  swing  proceeds  from 
side  to  side,  the  clubs  moving  in  concert  till  the  close.  The  short 
arc  is  disregarded  in  the  formula,  as  it  intervenes  of  necessity, 
when  the  start  is  made  from  the  third  goal.  Face  to  the  left  and 
right  as  the  clubs  change  from  one  side  to  the  other,  the  body 
turning  at  the  waist. 

5th. 
Left  club  m    W  )         « 


Right   «      m    q 

This  formula  differs  from  the  preceding  only  in  the  substitu- 
tion of  the  backward  circlet  m  in  place  of  the  forward  circlet  1. 
When  you  turn  the  circlet  m  allow  the  clubs  to  drop  back  over 
the  shoulders,  hanging  vertically  downwards;  from  this  position 
they  are  thrown  forwards  and  turn  the  other  circles  precisely  as. 
in  the  preceding  swing. 

6th. 

Left  club  n    1    W  )  ,,-,,    ( 
Right   ••      n    1    q     j(T 

This  formula  requires  two  circlets  to  be  turned  at  the  start. 
Turning  the  wrists  to  suit  the  movement,  first  let  both  clubs  drop 
forward  and  bring  them  up  on  the  inside  of  the  arms;  then  let 
them  drop  forward  again  and  bring  them  up  on  the  outside  of 
the  arms,  after  which  complete  the  swing  as  before  shown. 

7th. 

Left  club  o    m    W  )  ,T,     Q 
Right   «'      o    m    q     JU 

Here  the  two  backward  circlets  are  turned  at  the  start.  Stretch- 
ing out  the  arms,  let  both  clubs  drop  back  on  the  inside  of  the 
arms  turning  the  circlet  o  ;  then  back  on  the  outside,  turning  m, 
at  the  same  lime  throwing  the  clubs  over  the  shoulders.  The 
remainder  of  the  swing  is  like  the  preceding.  (Eng.  34.) 


X   FORMULAS. 


55 


Fig.  34- 

Similar  formulas  may  be  framed  involving  the  second  lower 
dorsal  X,  as  follows: 

1.  p    X    (F)    1. 

2.  q    X    (F)    I. 

3.  Left  club  1    p  )/Tx    o 

•• 


4.  Left  club  m  P  j(T)    3. 
Rigbt   "      m  Xj 

5.  Left  club  n  1    p  )  /TN    3 
Right   "      n  1    XT 


6.     Left  club  o    m    P 
Right   "      o    m    X 


3. 


56    FRONT  CIRCLES  Q  B  &  A,  &  BACK  CIRCLE  W. 

Practice  these  formulas  until  they  become  quite  familiar: 
also  the  following,  in  which  the  clubs  describe  two  front  and 
two  back  parallel  circles. 

Left  club   q    X  ).^    * 
Right   "      p    Wj 

In  turning  the  circlets  throw  both  clubs  well  out  to  the  right, 
which  brings  them  into  a  parallel  position  at  convenient  points 
for  describing  the  back  circles,  namely,  X  with  the  left  club,  and 
W  with  the  right.  From  the  back  circles  return  promptly  to 
the  front,  the  clubs  all  the  while  turning  parallel  circles  both 
front  and  rear. 

30. 

q     B    W    A.     (T.)     1. 

This  swing  is  introduced  here  because  it  contains  some  points 
of  resemblance  with  those  immediately  preceding,  although  it 
contains  four  circles  instead  of  two.  The  clubs  move  in  con- 
cert throughout,  only  separating  at  the  third  movement,  where 
the  left  passes  behind  to  describe  the  dorsal  W,  while  the  right 
makes  the  corresponding  turn  in  front,  after  which  they  rejoin 
and  sweep  together  the  final  front  circle.  By  an  impulsive  effort 
of  the  wrists,  turn  the  circlet  with  both  clubs,  sweeping,  directly 
after,  the  large  front  circle.  As  the  clubs  descend  the  arc  on  the 
right,  allow  them  to  swing  past  the  goal  to  a  horizontal  position 
on  the  left.  From  this  point,  separating,  the  left  club  describes 
the  dorsal  W,  while  the  right  turns  in  front.  Then  joining  again, 
both  sweep  in  concert  the  large  front  circle  A,  which  completes 
the  left  division  of  the  swing.  Applying  the  third  mode  of 
union,  the  second  or  right  division  is  developed  by  repeating 
similar  movements  from  the  first  goal  on  the  right  side,  the  clubs 
moving  in  concert  throughout,  separating  at  the  third  movement, 
of  necessity,  to  allow  the  right  club  to  describe  the  dorsal  while 
the  left  turns  in  front.  We  have  placed  over  this  swing  only  the 
formula  for  the  left  club,  as  the  right  moves  along  with  it  all  the 
way,  turning  corresponding  circles.  The  formula  for  the  right 
club  would  be  p  A  q  B.  (Eng.  34.) 


SIDE   TWIST   p   AND   SIDE    CIRCLE 


57 


31. 


P   A 


B.    (T.)   l. 


This  exercise  is  similar  to  the  preceding  only  involving  the 
second  lower  dorsal  circle  X,  in  the  place  of  W.  The  formula 
indicates  the  action  of  the  left  club,  the  right  moving  in  concert 
and  turning  correlative  circles.  When  the  left  club  is  required 
to  turn  the  dorsal  X,  the  right  is  occupied  in  whirling  the  circlet 
p  in  front.  The  formula  for  the  right  club  would  be  q  B  P  A. 
(Eng.  34.) 

32. 

P     E.     (F.)    I- 

From  point  1  sweep  the  large  forward  side  circle  E  with  the 
left  club,  on  the  left  side  of  the  body,  and  at  the  same  moment 
with  the  right  club  whirl  the  corresponding  small  forward  side 


1 


Fig.  44. 


58  CLUB    CURE. 

circlet  p  on  the  right  side,  each  club  alternating  constantly  from 
large  to  small  and  from  small  to  large  as  the  swing  proceeds. 
Whirled  from  this  point  and  on  the  side,  p  coincides  with  m. 
This  movement  being  rather  difficult  may  be  omitted  in  the  first 
course  and  taken  in  the  review.  (Eng.  44.)  Vary  this  swing  by 
increasing  the  number  of  circlets,  thus: 

Left  club  P    P    P  j/pn     i 

Right   "      p    p    E> 

33. 

Y    X.     (F.)    2. 

From  point  2  turn  the  back  circle  Y  with  the  left  club,  while 
the  right,  descending  the  arc  Q  in  front  gathers  impetus  to  turn 
handsomely  the  lower  dorsal  X.  The  left  club  then  descends 
the  arc  and  turns  the  lower  dorsal,  while  the  right,  ascending 
the  arc  ]3  turns  the  upper  dorsal  Y.  In  the  formula  above  given 
the  arcs  are  not  expressed,  as  the  clubs  must  of  necessity  traverse 
them  in  passing  from  the  upper  to  the  lower  circles.  Considered 
as  a  swing  composed  of  three  movements,  it  might  be  formulated 
thus:  Y  arcC  X.  (F.)  2. 

An  interesting  experiment  may  be  tried  here  by  executing  con- 
secutively two  swings,  the  first  of  which  contains  the  upper  dor- 
sal circles  and  the  second  the  lower.  Practice  in  this  manner  the 
following  formulas,  and  other  similar  combinations  as  they  may 
occur  to  you: 

Y  C  (F)  2.  alternating  with  Y  X  (F)    2. 

Y  C  (S)  2.            "              "  Y  X  (S)    2. 

Z  D  (F)  2.            "              "  Z  W  (F)  .2. 

Z  D  (S)  2.            "             "  Z  W  (S)    2. 


"Young  man,  you  look  as  if  you  were  in  trouble  ;  are  you 
sick  ?" 

If  so,  try  the  Indian  club  treatment,  called  sometimes  "the 
amateur's  specific;"  the  uniform  result  of  which  may  be  ex- 
pressed in  three  words, 

"  'Tis  exercise  and  health  and  length  of  days." 


TWIST   1   AND    ARC    £).  59 

• 

Mark  the  three-fold  beneficent  result,  exercise,  health  and 
longevity.  Examples  are  not  rare  in  which  sickly  and  slender 
youths  have  been  braced  up  by  exercising  with  the  clubs,  becom- 
ing thoroughly  hardened  in  a  few  years,  and  tough,  nearly,  as  a 
Norwegian  sailor, 

"  Iron-sinewed,  horny-handed, 
Shoulders  broad,  and  chest  expanded, 
Tugging  at  the  oar." 


SECTION  2, 

SWINGS  COMPOSED    OF  A   CIRCLE  AND   AN   ARC,  OB  OF   TWO   ARCS. 

1. 

As  in  No.  29  of  the  previous  section,  several  swings,  on  ac- 
count of  their  similarity,  are  here  collected  together  under  one 
head.  The  basis  of  each  swing  is  the  to  and  fro  movement,  in 
concert,  of  both  clubs  from  the  third  point  of  departure  on  the 
left  side  to  the  corresponding  point  on  the  right  side,  from  which 
they  return  again  to  the  left.  In  these  cases  where  the  right  club 
is  thrown  up  to  the  goal  on  the  left  side  in  order  to  act  in  concert 
with  the  left,  while  the  movement  of  the  right  club  is  the  same  as 
that  of  the  left,  the  literal  expression  of  the  formula  is  different, 
arc  £)  to  the  left  club  being  arc  C  t°  the  right,  and  q  to  the  left, 
p  to  the  right,  and  so  of  other  circles  in  the  same  plane.  It 
might  perhaps  be  deemed  sufficient  in  such  cases  to  give  the 
formula  for  the  left  club,  remarking  that  the  right  moves  in  con- 
cert with  it;  but  in  order  to  prevent  any  misconception  of  the 
movements,  I  have  preferred  to  give  the  formula  for  each  club. 

1st. 

Left  club    1    arc  D 
Right    "       1    arc  C 

Throw  both  clubs  up  to  goal  3?  on  the  left  side,  holding  them 
parallel  at  arm's  length.  Turn  the  circlet  1  with  both  clubs; 
then  swing  on  the  front  arc  to  the  corresponding  point  on  the 
right  side.  Here  repeat  the  circlets  and  return.  (Eng.  22.) 


60 


TWIST   n   AND   1   AND   ARC 


Left  club    m    arc  D  |  /T«\    3 
Right   "       m    arc  C  i 

This  swing  is  the  same  as  the  first,  only  substituting  the.  back- 
ward circlet  in  place  of  the  forward,  allowing  also  the  clubs  to 
drop  back  over  the  shoulders. 


Fig.  22. 


3d. 

Left  club    n    1    arc 
Right    "       n     1     arc 


\cr\    q 


Turn  two  circlets  previous  to  sweeping  the  arc,  first  n,  on  the 
inside,  then  1,  on  the  outside,  of  the  arms,  both  being  forward 
circlets.  (Eng.  22.) 


TWISTS   O   AND   m   AND   AUC    D.  61 

4th. 

Left  club    o     m    arc  D  |  /T\    Q 
Right   "       o    m    arc  C  ) 

Reverse  the  preceding  circlets,  extending  the  arms  to  allow 
the  clubs  to  turn  safely  towards  the  face.  After  turning  the 
circlets,  drop  the  clubs  back  over  the  shoulders.  In  the  four 
swings  now  enumerated,  the  first  division  is  the  formula  as  exe- 
cuted from  the  point  of  departure  on  the  left  side,  and  the  sec- 
ond as  executed  from  that  on  the  right  side,  the  union  being  by 
the  third  method  explained  at  the  beginning  of  the  chapter.  In 
practicing  swings  of  this  kind,  the  clubs  should  be  thrown  well 
up  to  the  right  and  left,  so  as  to  embrace  in  each  sweep  about 
three-fourths  of  the  entire  circle  in  front.  The  feet  may  retain 
one  position,  the  body  turning  at  the  waist;  or  occasionally,  for 
a  change,  you  may  turn  on  the  feet,  keeping  them  at  right  angles 
as  you  face  from  the  one  side  to  the  other. 

Two  variations  of  the  first  swing  (1  arc  D)  may  be  described 
here.  The  first  consists  in  turning  the  circlets  very  low  down  on 
the  left  side,  sinking  the  clubs  nearly  to  the  floor;  then  as  you 
face  to  the  right,  turn  the  hands  back  so  as  to  bring  the  clubs 
behind  the  shoulders,  throwing  them  to  an  extreme  height;  the 
movement  being  uniformly  depressed  on  one  side  and  elevated 
on  the  other  as  the  swing  proceeds. 

The  second  variation  consists  in  starting  one  club  from  a  hori- 
zontal position  and  the  other  from  behind  the  shoulders,  the 
second  following  the  first  at  an  interval.  Face  to  the  left,  throw- 
ing the  left  club  over  the  left  shoulder,  where  it  hangs  pendent 
behind.  Extend  the  right  club  horizontally  on  the  left  side. 
This  is  the  position  for  starting;  the  left  club  being  at  goal  7  and 
the  right  at  goal  6.  Turn  the  circlet  1  with  the  right  club,  which 
is  then  swung  across  on  the  front  arc  Q  and  by  a  quick  back- 
ward turn  of  the  arm  is  thrown  over  the  right  shoulder,  the  body 
meantime  facing  to  the  right.  At  the  moment  the  right  club 
passes  in  front,  make  a  high  throw  with  the  left  from  behind  the 
shoulder  swinging  it  across  on  the  front  arc  J3  to  a  horizontal 
position  on  the  right  side,  where  it  stops.  Now  the  situation  is 
just  the  reverse  of  the  original,  the  left  club  being  extended  hor- 
izontally on  the  right  side,  while  the  right  depends  from  the  right 


62  TWO   1   TWISTS   AND   ARC    ]} 

shoulder,  the  body  facing  to  the  right.  Repeat  the  movement  as 
follows:  The  left  club  turns  the  circlet,  traverses  the  arc  and 
comes  to  position  over  the  left  shoulder;  while  the  right,  follow- 
lowing  at  an  interval  with  a  high  throw,  also  traverses  the  arc, 
and  stops  at  a  horizontal  position  on  the  left,  the  body  now  fac- 
ing to  the  left.  When  thus  facing  the  formula  is 

Left  club      arc  D    starting    from  7  stopping  at  6. 

Right   "    1    arc  C        "          from  6  stopping  at  7. 

2. 

Left  club  1    1    arc  D  ),™    « 

Right   "      arc  C    arc  D     arc  C 1 

Swing  both  clubs  up  to  goal  3  on  the  left  side,  holding  them 
parallel.  First,  turn  the  circlet  1  with  the  left  club,  while  the 
right  swings  across  on  the  arc  C  to  a  horizontal  position  on  the 
right  side  at  the  height  of  the  shoulders;  secondly,  turn  the  circ- 
let again  with  the  left  club  while  the  right  swings  back  on  the 
arc  to  the  original  position ;  thirdly,  swing  both  clubs  on  the  arc 
to  the  third  goal  on  the  right  side,  these  several  movements  be- 
ing the  left  division  of  the  swing,  the  return  movements  forming 
the  right  division.  Throw  the  clubs  well  up  as  they  meet  to 
traverse  in  company  the  final  arc.  (Eng.  22.) 

This  swing  admits  of  two  modifications.  Make  one  circlet 
with  the  left  club  and  a  complete  circle  with  the  right,  after 
which  they  swing  together  to  the  goal  on  the  right.  The  form- 
ula becomes 

Left  club    1    arc  D  j  /T\    o 
Right   "      C  arc  C) 

The  other  modification  consists  in  turning  circlets,  one  above 
and  one  below  the  left  arm,  and  then  swinging  together  to  the 
right  side  where  the  movement  is  repeated.  Force  the  right  club 
under  the  left  arm,  compelling  it  to  make  as  nearly  as  possible 
the  same  turn  under  the  arm  as  the  left  makes  above  it.  The 
formula  becomes 

Left  club    1    arc  D )  /^p\    o 

Right   "      n    arc  C  j 

Try  also  the  following  exercise,  which  is  somewhat  similar: 
facing  to  the  left,  cross  the  arms  at  the  breast  and  turn  with 


BACK  CIRCLE  Y  AND  FRONT  ARCS  Q  AND  D.         63 

both  clubs  the  circlet  n  ;  uncross  quickly,  turn  1  with  both  clubs 
swing  across  on  the  front  arc  and  repeat. 

3. 

Y    arc  C    arc  D     (F)     1.. 

The  movements  of  the  formula  made  with  the  left  club  are 
the  first  division;  made  with  the  right  club,  the  second.  Prac- 
tice the  divisions  and  unite  them  by  the  first  method.  The  start 
is  taken  from  the  first  point  of  departure.  The  analysis  of  the 
swing  is  as  follows:  The  left  club  moving  to  the  left,  ascends 
the  arc  and  turns  the  dorsal  circle  Y,  while  the  right  swings  out 
to  a  horizontal  position  on  the  right  at  the  height  of  the  shoul- 
ders and  back  to  a  similar  position  on  the  left.  Secondly,  the 
left  club,  descending  the  arc  C  swings  out  to  a  horizontal  posi- 
tion on  the  left  and  back  to  a  similar  position  on  the  right,  while 
the  right  club  swinging  back  from  the  left  side,  ascends  the  arc 
on  the  right  and  turns  the  dorsal.  The  clubs  pass  each  other  ex- 
actly in  front  of  the  person,  the  descending  club  always  taking 
the  outer  circuit.  Swing  with  a  steady,  even  movement,  observ- 
ing exact  moderate  time.  On  account  of  its  easy  cradle-like 
motion,  this  is  sometimes  called  the  sleepy  swing.*  It  certainly 
exerts  a  soporific  influence  if  long  continued. 

"  Oh  sleep !  it  is  a  gentle  thing, 
Beloved  from  pole  to  pole!" 

Vary  the  above  swing  by  substituting  the  dorsal  arc  Z,  now 
and  then  for  the  circle  Y,  the  club  returning  by  the  arc  C  m 
front.  Vary  also  by  introducing  occasionally  the  double  front 
circle  ]3  reverting  again  to  the  original  movement.  These  sub- 
stitutions prevent  the  swing  from  seeming  monotonous  and  at 
the  same  time  afford  relief  to  the  arms  by  change  of  motion. 

The  above  swing  may  be  increased  in  volume,  without  marring 
its  individuality  by  turning  the  dorsal  three  times  in  succession, 
at  the  same  time  increasing  the  number  of  arc  sweeps  corres- 
pondingly. Try  the  experiment. 

*  The  sobriquet  of  each  leading  swing  is  given  in  the  table  of  contents  at  the 
end  of  the  book. 


64         BACK  CIRCLE  Z  AND  FRONT  ARCS  D  AND  Q. 

4. 

Y    arc  C    arc  D     (S)    1. 

From  goal  l,the  left  club  moving  to  the  left  and  the  right 
club  to  the  right,  both  ascend  the  arc  and  turn  the  dorsal  Y ; 
then  descend  on  the  arc  Q  swinging  out  to  a  horizontal  position 
on  opposite  sides,  whence  they  return  to  an  opposite  horizontal 
position,  the  arms  being  crossed  upon  the  breast.  From  this 
latter  position  the  swing  is  repeated.  The  clubs  intersect  four 
times,  first  behind  the  shoulders,  then  above  the  head  in  front, 
and  twice  below  as  they  pass  out  to  the  side  points  and  return 
from  them.  For  diversification,  the  simultaneous  Y  turns  in  this 
swing  may  occasionally  be  made  at  arm's  length,  at  goal  3. 

5. 

Z    a~rc  D     arcQ    (F)    1- 

After  practicing  the  divisions,  unite  by  the  first  mode,  the  as- 
cending club  always  taking,  the  outside  circuit.  The  analysis  is 
as  follows:  While  the  left  club,  moving  to  the  right,  ascends 
the  arc,  sweeping  gracefully  around  and  turning  the  dorsal  Z, 
the  right  club  first  swings  in  to  the  left,  and  then  out  to  a  hori- 
zontal position  on  the  right;  and  while  the  left,  descending  the 
arc  D  swings  in  to  a  horizontal  position,  and  then  out  to  a  hor- 
izontal position  also,  the  right  moving  to  the  left  ascends  the  arc 
and  sweeping  gracefully  around  turns  the  dorsal.  Thus  all  the 
movements  of  No.  3,  are  exactly  reversed.  Vary  the  movement 
by  throwing  in  occasionally  the  double  front  circle  A  '  resuming 
afterwards  the  regular  motion.  The  volume  of  the  swing  may 
be  increased  by  turning  the  dorsal  three  times,  adding  a  corres- 
ponding number  of  arc  sweeps. 

6. 


Z    arc  D     arc  C    (S)    1. 

Starting  from  the  first  goal  and  moving  towards  each  other, 
both  clubs  rise  on  the  arc,  sweep  gracefully  around  to  the  right 
and  left  and  turn  at  the  same  moment  the  upper  dorsal  Z:  then  de- 


SIDE  CIRCLES 


G  AND  TWISTS  m  AND  1.      65 


scending  the  arc  D  they  pass  in  front  to  a  horizontal  position, 
the  arms  being  crossed  upon  the  breast,  and  back  again  to  the 
other  horizontal  position,  the  arms  being  extended  at  length  on 
opposite  sides  of  the  person.  From  this  position  the  swing  is 
repeated.  When  performed  with  spirit  it  affords  vigorous  exer- 
cise, stretching  out  the  arms  and  expanding  the  chest  finely. 

7. 

Arc  E  and  the  circlet  m  in  transit.     (S)    1. 
Return.     Arc  Q  and  the  circlet  1  in  transit.     (S)    7. 

In  this  swing  the  clubs  move  on  the  side  arcs,  in  parallel  sweeps 
which  cross  the  front  arcs  at  right  angles.    From  the  first  goal 


45- 

swing  both  clubs  directly  forwards  on  the  side  arcs  E.     As  they 
are  passing  the  breast,  whirl  the  m  circlets,  allowing  the  clubs  to 

6* 


66  TWIST   DRILL. 

drop  back  over  the  shoulders.  On  the  return  sweep,  denoted  by 
Q  whirl  the  1  circlets  as  they  pass  the  breast,  and  let  them  con- 
tinue on,  passing  beyond  the  goals  as  far  as  the  arms  will  permit, 
the  body  retaining  its  erect  position.  Vary  the  swing  by  some- 
times turning  two  circlets  on  the  ascent  and  two  on  the  descent. 
(Eng.  45.) 

Another  variation  consists  in  starting  the  clubs  from  opposite 
points;  for  instance,  the  left  club  from  goal  1  and  the  right  from 
goal  7,  each  turning  a  circlet,  sometimes  two  circlets,  as  it  as- 
cends and  descends.  Observe  that  in  this  swing  the  circlets  nei- 
ther precede  nor  follow  the  long  sweep,  but  are  introduced  in 
transit. 

8. 

The  following  exercises  in  circlets,  having  some  points  of  re- 
semblance are  collected  under  one  head : 


1st. 

Left   club    1    n 
Right   ••      n    | 

In  this  exercise  the  clubs  turn 
constantly  in  parallel  circles, 
which  is  the  essential  point  of 
the  swing.  Swing  both  clubs 
up  to  goal  3  on  the  left  side. 
With  the  left  club  turn  the 
circlet  1  on  the  outside  of  the 
arm,  followed  by  n  on  the  in- 
side, while  with  the  right,  mov- 
ing in  parallel  curves,  you  turn 
n  on  the  inside  followed  by  1 
on  the  outside.  After  whirl- 
ing these  parallel  circlets  a  few 
times  on  the  left  side,  swing 
across  on  the  front  arc  and 
repeat  them  on  the  right. 
(Eng.  37.) 

Fig.  37- 


TWIST   DRILL. 


67 


3d. 

Left  club    m    o 
Right   "       o    m 


(T)    3. 


From  the  same  point  on  the  left  side,  reversing  the  parallel 
circlets,  whirl  m  on  the  outside  and  o  on  the  inside  of  the  left 
arm;  also  o  on  the  inside  and  m  on  the  outside  of  the  right  arm. 
Swing  across  and  repeat  on  the  right  side. 

3d. 
Duplex  r  and  s    (T)     6. 

Swing  the  clubs  up  to  a  horizontal  position  on  the  left  side  at 
the  height  of  the  shoulders,  holding  them  parallel  at  arm's  length. 

Turn  with  both  clubs  the 
horizontal  circlet  r,  empha- 
sizing the  parallelism. 
Swing  across  on  the  front 
arc  and  repeat.  Also  re- 
verse the  movement,  turn- 
ing the  outward  horizontal 
circlet  s  with  both  clubs, 
traversing  the  arc  as  before. 
(Eng.  43.) 

4th. 

Left   club  1  ) 

Right    "    m)  Continuous.  4. 

Holding  both  clubs  verti- 
cally in  front  at  goal  4^ 
43-  twirl  them  in  opposite  direc- 
tions, dropping  the  left  forwards  and  the  right  backwards  and 
vice  versa.  Also  start  one  club  in  advance  of  the  other,  each 
turning  the  forward  circlet  1,  the  second  following  the  first  at  an 
interval  of  half  a  revolution,  producing  a  similar  effect.  Keep 
both  clubs  twirling  without  any  suspension  of  motion.  The 
ability  to  twirl  these  circlets  swiftly  comes  from  persistent  drill- 
ing. Smoothness  and  uniformity  of  motion  are  more  to  be  de- 
sired than  great  speed. 


68 


TWIST    DRILL. 


5th. 


1    n  1(8)    4. 
Return,     o    m ) 

Holding  the  clubs  vertically  in  front  of 
the  breast  at  goal  4,  whirl  quickly  the  circ- 
let 1  followed  by  n,  lodging  the  clubs  under 
the  arms.  In  this  case  n  can  be  only  partial- 
ly turned.  Reverse  the  movement,  turning 
o  followed  by  m,  dropping  the  clubs  over 
the  shoulders,  the  o  being  only  partially 
turned. 

The  armpit  position  of  the  clubs  is  oc- 
casionally assumed  by  the  swinger  for  a 
moment's  rest.  Other  positions  of  rest 
are,  clubs  pendent  at  the  sides  (goal  1), 
vertical  in  front  (goal  4),  and  depending 
from  the  shoulders,  (goal  7).  (Eng.  42). 


Fig.  42. 


6th. 


Left   club  horizontal  and  rigid. 
Right    "     arc  C     Y     2    arc  C 


(T)    6. 


Swing  both  clubs  up  to  a  horizontal  position  on  the  left  side, 
which  is  a  point  of  departure  denoted  by  6.  Hold  the  left  club 
at  this  point  stubbornly,  with  straight  arm  and  stiff  elbow, 
while  the  right  club  traversing  the  front  arc  turns  the  upper  dor- 
sal Y,  then  makes  an  arm's  length  sweep  on  each  side  of  the  ex- 
tended left  arm,  turning  finally  the  circlet  1.  Both  clubs  then 
are  swung  across  to  the  corresponding  point  on  the  right  side, 
where  the  right  arm  and  club  are  stubbornly  held  in  a  horizontal 
position  while  the  left  executes  the  foregoing  movements. 
Heighten  the  effect  by  adding  occasionally  to  the  other  motions 
the  horizontal  circlet  r  turned  either  above  or  below  the  rigid 


TWIST   DRILL. 


69 


7th. 

Left  club  rigid    3. 

Right    "     Y     C    or  z     D     2. 

This  exercise  also  consists  in  holding  one  club  stationary  at 
arm's  length,  while  the  other  executes  some  formula  which  may 
be  selected  for  the  moment.  For  example,  swing  the  left  club 
up  to  goal  3,  holding  it  rigid  and  motionless  while  the  right 
club  performs  several  times  in  succession  the  formula  Y  Q  \  then 
extend  the  right  club,  holding  it  motionless  at  goal  3  on  the  right 
side,  while  the  left  executes  the  same  formula.  Practice  the 
formula  Z  £)  in  the  same  way. 

9. 

The  following  swings  being  composed  of  arcs  only  are  treated 
under  a  single  head : 


Fig.  38. 


70 


BACK    ARC    Y    AND    FRONT   ARC 


1st. 


Arc  Y    arc 


(F)    3. 


Swing  the  left  club  up  to  goal  3  on  the  left  side,  the  right  club 
taking  a  position  about  eighteen  inches  above  it  in  the  same  ver- 
tical plane,  parallel  to  it  and  pointing  in  the  same  direction. 
Bring  the  right  club  by  the  dorsal  arc  Y  to  goal  3  on  the  right 
side,  while  the  left  traversing  the  front  arc  £)  conies  to  a  posi- 
tion about  eighteen  inches  above  it  in  the  same  vertical  plane, 
parallel  to  it  and  pointing  in  the  same  direction.  Repeat  the 
movement  from  the  right  side,  the  left  club  returning  by  the 
dorsal  arc  and  the  right  by  the  front  arc.  As  the  clubs  come  to 


position  on  either  side,  thrust  the  arms  out  with  vigor,  to  give 
emphasis  to  the  parallelism,  which  is  the  prominent  feature  of 
the  swing.  (Eng.  38.) 

Practice  the  same  movement  from  goal  6,  the  clubs  being  held 
at  the  start  in  a  horizontal  position,  instead  of  at  an  angle  of 
forty-five  degrees.  In  this  case,  the  sweep  of  the  arc  is  a  half 
circle  instead  of  a  three-quarter.  (Eng.  39.) 


ARC 


AKC   Y. 


71 


3d. 

Arc  Z     arc  C    (F)    3. 

Swing  the  left  club  up  to  goal  3  on  the  left  side,  the  right  taking 
a  parallel  position  as  in  the  previous  swing.  Drop  the  right  club 
in  front,  bringing  it  by  the  arc  C  to  g°al  3  on  the  right  side. 
The  left  club,  by  the  arc  Z  comes  to  position  eighteen  inches 
above  it,  parallel  to  it,  and  pointing  in  the  same  direction.  In 
the  return  movement,  the  left  club  takes  the  front  arc,  and  the 
right  the  dorsal.  Impart  emphasis  to  the  parallelism  by  thrust- 
ing the  arms  out  briskly. 

Practice  this  movement  also  from  goal  6,  the  clubs  taking  a 
horizontal  position  and  sweeping  only  a  semi-circle. 


\ 
>  i 

41 


/ 


Arc  D     arc  Y    (S)    3. 

Throw  the  left  club  up  to  goal  3  on  the  left  side,  and  the  right 
to  goal  3  on  the  right  side.     With  both  clubs  sweep  the  front 


ARC   Z   AND   ARC 


arc,  bringing  them  to  a  position  above  the  head,  crossed  like  the 
letter  X.  From  this  position  return  by  the  dorsal  Y  to  the  points 
of  departure.  (Eng.  40.) 

Practice  this  movement  from  goal  6,  the  clubs  being  held  at 
the  start  horizontally  at  arm's  length  on  opposite  sides  of  the 
person.  Sweep  the  front  arc  with  both  clubs,  bringing  them  to 


Fig.  41. 

a  horizontal  position  directly  over  the  head,  one  above  the  other, 
parallel  and  pointing  in  opposite  directions.  Return  by  the  dor- 
sal arcs  Y  to  the  points  of  departure.  In  all  these  movements 
the  front  arc  is  somewhat  curtailed  in  order  to  bring  the  clubs 
directly  over  the  head.  (Eng.  41.) 

4th. 
Arc  Z    arc  C    (S)     3. 

Swing  the  clubs  up  to  goal  3  on  opposite  sides.  From  these 
points  both  clubs  traverse  the  dorsal  arcs  Z,  coming  to  a  position 
above  the  head  crossed  like  the  letter  X.  Drop  both  clubs  in 
front,  returning  them  by  the  arc  C  to  tne  starting  points. 


DORSAL   ARCS   D   AND   C.  ?3 

Practice  this  swing  from  goal  6,  holding  the  clubs  horizontally 
ut  the  start,  and  bringing  them  by  the  dorsal  arcs  to  a  horizontal 
position  over  the  head,  returning  by  the  front  arcs  C  to  the 
starting  points. 

5th. 
Left  club  arc  D     arc  Y  )  ,™ 


Right   "      arc  Z      arc 

Swing  the  left  club  up  to  goal  6  on  the  left  side  and  the  right 
to  the  same.  goal  on  the  right  side.  With  the  left  club  describe 
the  front  arc  D  and  at  the  same  time  with  the  right  club,  the 
dorsal  arc  Z,  thus  bringing  the  clubs  directly  over  the  head,  in  a 
horizontal  position,  one  above  the  other,  parallel,  and  pointing 
in  opposite  directions.  Then  return  the  left  club  to  its  orig- 
inal position  by  the  dorsal  arc  Y,  while  the  right  returns  by  the 
front  arc  C.  Presently,  change  the  exercise  by  practicing  the 
first  part  of  the  formula  with  the  right  club,  and  the  second  part 
with  the  left. 


The  following  exercises  on  dorsal  arcs  may  be  taken  in  the 
review  : 

1st. 

Left  club  dorsal  arc  D  )  /T\    « 

Right  •'         "        "    CJ 

Point  both  clubs  to  the  sixth  goal  on  the  left  side,  holding  the 
right  club  behind  the  person  and  parallel  to  the  left.  Swing  both 
«lubs  to  and  fro  behind  the  person. 


[ 
f 


2d. 

Left  club  1    dorsal  arc  £) 
Right   "   -  "       "  C 

Connect  the  circlet  1  with  the  dorsal  arc  movement.  First, 
(the  clubs  pointing  as  in  the  previous  exercise,)  turn  the  circlet 
with  the  left,  swinging  both  to  the  opposite  goal  ;  then  turn  the 
circlet  with  the  right  club,  both  swinging  back  to  the  original 
position. 


74  DORSAL   ARCS    D    A:N"D    C. 


3d. 
Left  club  m    dorsal  arc  D  )  /rr\    a 

••       -   •<  c!(     • 


This  exercise  is  like  the  preceding,  except  that  the  backward 
circlet  m  takes  the  place  of  the  forward  circlet  1.  These  several 
exercises  may  be  executed  simultaneously  as  well  as  alternately. 


NOTE. — Nearly  all  the  elementary  circles  and  arcs  used  in  this  book  have  now 
been  illustrated  in  the  engravings.  The  swings  described  in  the  following  chap- 
ter will  be  expressed  by  the  formulas  only,  this  being  the  most  intelligible  and 
satisfactory  method  of  representing  swings  which  involve  more  than  two  move- 
ments. 


CHAPTER  III. 

SWINGS  COMPOSED  OF  THREE  OR  MORE  MOVEMENTS. 

SECTION  1. 

THOSE  COMPRISING  THREE  OR  MORE   CIRCLES. 
I. 

Every  one  at  all  conversant  with  Indian  club  swinging  must 
have  observed  the  marked  and  peculiar  tendency  of  the  hands  to 
make  the  same  movement.  The  following  eight  examples  have 
been  selected  with  special  reference  to  overcoming  this  inclina- 
tion and  disciplining  each  hand  to  move  independently  of  th,e 
other. 

1st. 

Left  club  1  continuously  )  „ 
Right   "    Y    Q          •       > 

From  the  second  point  of  departure,  which  is  the  foot  of  each 
club  as  it  is  held  perpendicularly  at  arm's  length  above  the  head, 
turn  the  circlet  1  continuously  with  the  left  club,  while  the  right 
executes  and  repeats  time  after  time  the  formula  composed  of 
the  upper  dorsal  circle  Y,  followed  by  the  forward  side  circle 
G.  As  the  left  club  whirls  the  circlet,  let  the  right  describe  the 
first  circle  of  the  formula,  and  as  the  left  repeats  the  circlet,  let 
the  right  sweep  the  second  circle  of  the  formula.  After  a  while, 
execute  the  formula  with  the  left  club  while  the  right  turns  the 
circlet  continuously. 


76  INDEPENDENT  MOTION. 


3d. 

Lett  club  Y  continuous ) « 
Right   "      Y     C  J 

Considerable  tact  is  required  to  perform  this  example  smoothly, 
from  the  fact  that,  at  every  alternate  sweep,  the  dorsal  circle 
must  be  turned  by  both  clubs.  Practice  will  soon  teach  you  ta 
make  a  proper  allowance  for  the  .crossing  of  the  clubs  to  avoid 
contact.  The  detail  of  the  swing  is  like  the  preceding. 

3d. 

Left  club  Y  continuous )  g 
Right   "      Z     D  J 

4th. 

Left  club  Z  continuous  )  9 
Right   ««     Y    C  }  •' 

5th. 

Left  club  Z  continuous )  „ 
Right   «•      Z     D  ) 

6th. 

Left  club  p  continuous  )  j 
Right   "     W    p  ) 

7th. 

Left  club  r    I    o. 
Right   "    p  W   1. 

8th. 

Left  club  s    J     5. 
Right   "      q     X    1. 

The  student  is  recommended  to  devise  other  examples  for  the- 
purpose  of  training  the  hands  to  independent  action,  which  is 
quite  an  important  attainment  in  the  art  of  club  swinging. 


ACCELERATED   MOTION.  77" 


Left  club  2  1 
Right   "     G 

This  formula  requires  two  revolutions  of  the  left  club  to  one 
of  the  right.  From  goal  2  start  both  clubs  at  the  same  moment, 
whirling  the  circlet  twice  in  succession  with  the  left  club,  while 
the  right  describes  the  straight  arm  side  circle  G.  After  a  while, 
describe  the  large  circle  with  the  left  club  and  the  two  circlets 
with  the  right.  Practice  also  the  following  formulas  or  devise 
similar  ones. 

Left  club  2  Y 
Right   "      C  or  D 

Left  club  2  Z 
Right   "      D  or  C 

Left  club  2  Y 
Right   "      G 


Left  club  Y     Clm    o 
Right   •'      Z    Di 

Swing  both  clubs  up  to  goal  2,  holding  them  perpendicularly 
above  the  head  and  parallel  to  each  other.  From  this  point  both 
clubs  move  at  the  same  moment,  in  concert  throughout,  with 
uniform  speed  and  in  parallel  circles.  Starting  to  the  right,  drop 
both  over  the  right  shoulder,  the  left  club  describing  the  dorsal 
Y  followed  by  the  front  circle  C,  and  tne  right  the  dorsal  Z  fol- 
lowed by  the  front  circle  Y).  These  movements  constitute  the 
first  division  of  the  swing.  After  repeating  this  concert  move- 
ment four  or  five  times  on  the  right  side,  bring  the  clubs  squarely 
to  the  front,  stopping  at  the  goals.  Now  execute  the  second 
division  by  dropping  both  clubs  over  the  left  shoulder,  the  right 
club  describing  the  dorsal  Y  followed  by  the  front  circle  C  and 
the  left  the  dorsal  Z  followed  by  J3.  This  swing  illustrates  the 
union  of  the  divisions  by  the  third  method,  which  consists  in 
executing  a  formula  a  specified  number  of  times  on  one  side  of 

7* 


78      BACK  CIKCLES  Y  AND  Z  AND  FRONT  Q  AND  £). 

the  person,  and  then  repeating  it  the  same  number  of  times  on 
the  other  side. 

The  above  swing  is  often  rendered  more  ornamental  by  intro- 
ducing the  1  circlets  between  the  back  and  front  circles,  just  at 
the  moment  when  the  clubs  emerge  from  behind  the  shoulders. 
The  formula  then  becomes 

Left  club  Y    1     C  )m    2 
Right   "     Z    1    Di 

Instead  of  bringing  the  clubs  squarely  to  the  front,  the  trans- 
fer of  the  swing  from  one  side  to  the  other  is  more  frequently 
effected  by  quickly  reversing  the  movement  of  the  clubs  as  they 
reach  the  upper  dorsal  circles.  For  instance,  if  you  are  execut- 
ing the  swing  on  the  right  side  and  wish  to  change  to  the  left, 
the  moment  you  reach  the  dorsal  circles,  extend  the  right  arm 
longitudinally  to  the  left,  passing  the  right  club  over  the  left 
shoulder  and  head,  causing  it  to  sweep  the  circle  C  in  front  in- 
stead of  D?  while  the  left  moving  in  concert  is  made  to  sweep 
the  front  circle  ]3  instead  of  C.  A-  somewhat  peculiar  swing 
is  produced  by  changing  the  direction  of  the  sweep  at  every  rev- 
olution of  the  clubs  in  front,  the  formula  in  this  case  being 

Left  club  Y     D)m    o 
Right   "      Z     C  i 

By  simply  changing  the  expression  of  the  third  formula  two 
other  swings  may  be  produced,  composed  of  the  same  circles 
but  following  each  other  in  a  different  order  of  succession  thus : 


Left  club  Y  C)m  o 

Right   »     D  2)     '  ' 

Left  club  Z  D  \  m  « 

Right   »     C  Y  * 


Left  club    C    Y)  *  circle  interval 

Right   '      D     Z) 

In  starting  this  swing  let  the  right  club  follow  the  left  at  an 
interval  of  half  a  circle.     Swing  the  clubs  up  to  goal  2.     Start 


FKONT   A   A^D    B    WITH   BACK   W   AND   X.  79" 

the  left  club  to  the  right  on  the  front  circle  C  and  when  it 
reaches  the  feet,  start  the  right  club  in  the  same  direction  on 
the  front  circle  £).  With  the  left  club,  as  it  ascends  the  arc  on 
the  left,  turn  the  dorsal  Y  and  a  moment  later,  with  the  right 
club,  turn  the  dorsal  Z,  both  passing  again  into  the  front  circles, 
the  right  following  the  left  at  the  fixed  interval  before  named. 
After  several  revolutions,  shift  the  movement  to  the  left  side,, 
either  by  bringing  the  clubs  to  the  front,  or  by  the  quick  trans- 
fer movement  previously  explained.  This  swing  may  be  varied 
by  making  two  dorsal  turns  to  one  in  front.  The  start  is  often 
taken  from  the  first  goal. 


Left  club  A    W)m    1 
Right   "      B     X  }v 

This  is  a  concert  swing,  similar  to  No.  3,  only  involving  the 
lower  series  of  back  and  front  circles  instead  of  the  upper.  The 
lower  series  is  equally  as  interesting  and  impoitant  as  the  upper, 
and  the  skilful  performer  should  be  able  to  turn  its  circles  with 
equal  facility.  From  the  first  goal  sweep  the  front  circles  sim- 
ultaneously with  both  clubs  moving  to  the  right,  the  left  tracing 
A  and  the  right  B.  As  the  clubs  descend  the  arc  on  the  left 
side  they  separate  momentarily,  the  left  passing  behind  the  per- 
son and  turning  the  lower  dorsal  W,  while  the  right,  with  the 
momentum  gathered  in  the  descent,  is  made  to  turn  the  other 
lower  dorsal  X  by  bringing  the  right  hand  quickly  under  the 
armpit  and  behind  the  hip,  as  previously  explained.  After  sev- 
eral repetitions,  reverse  the  movement  by  starting  both  clubs  to 
the  left.  When  the  above  swing  has  been  thoroughly  learned  in 
the  form  given,  it  may  be  embellished  by  adding  the  front  circ- 
lets p  and  q  after  the  back  circles  W  and  X.  The  formula  will 
then  read, 

Left  club  A    W    p)(Tv    t 
Right    "      B      X     qj      ; 


80  FRONT   CIRCLE   A   WITH   BACK   W  AND   Z. 

6. 

interval. 


Start  the  left  club  to  the  right  and  when  it  reaches  a  point 
directly  over  the  head,  follow  with  the  right  moving  in  the  same 
direction.  After  several  revolutions  in  this  direction,  reverse 
the  movement  by  starting  the  clubs  to  the  left.  When  thor- 
oughly acquired,  add  the  circlets  p  and  q  as  in  the  previous 
swing. 

7. 

Left  club   Y    X  )  m    . 
Right   "      Z    W)1 

This  concert  swing  is  composed  of  the  four  dorsal  circles. 
From  point  1  sweep  both  clubs  up  the  arc  on  the  left  side 
turning  the  upper  dorsal  Y  with  the  left  club,  and  Z  with  the 
right,  after  which,  as  they  descend  on  the  right  side  turn  the 
lower  dorsal  X  with  the  left  club,  and  W  with  the  right,  both 
clubs  re-appearing  at  point  1  to  repeat.  After  repeating  several 
times,  start  the  clubs  up  the  arc  on  the  right  side,  the  right  club 
turning  Y  and  the  left  Z  in  the  ascent,  and  the  right  X  and  the 
left  W  in  the  descent.  When  the  swing  has  become  familiar  in 
its  plain  form,  introduce  the  1  circlets  after  the  upper  dorsals  Y 
and  Z,  and  the  circlets  p  and  q  after  the  lower  dorsals  W  and  X. 
The  formula  then  becomes, 

Left  club   Y     I    X    q)m     t 
Right   "      Z    1    W.p" 

8. 

A    W     Z    (F)    1. 
Grouping.     AW,     WZ,     ZA. 

When  the  left  club  describes  A  the  right  describes  W  ;  when 
the  left  turns  W  the  right  turns  Z  ;  when  the  left  turns  Z  the 
right  turns  A.  This  coupling  of  circles  is  expressed  in  the 
grouping.  The  first  division  of  the  swing  is  the  formula  exe- 


FRONT   B    WITH   BACK    X   AND   Y.  81 

cuted  with  the  left  club;  the  second,  with  the  right  club.  The 
detail  of  the  movements  is  as  follows:  The  left  club  moving  to 
the  right  from  the  first  goal  sweeps  the  straight-arm  circle  A, 
passing  in  the  same  sweep  behind  the  person  and  turning  the 
lower  dorsal  circle  W  ;  then  coming  to  the  front  it  ascends 
directly  in  front  of  the  face,  and  bearing  well  round  to  the  left 
turns  the  upper  dorsal  Z.  Meantime  the  right  club,  commencing 
with  the  second  movement  of  the  formula  turns  first  the  dorsal 
W,  then  ascending  directly  in  front  of  the  face  and  bearing  well 
round  to  the  right,  turns  the  upper  dorsal  Z,  then  descending, 
sweeps  finally  the  straight-arm  circle  A.  This  is  a  noble  swing, 
inducing  a  free  and  unembarrassed  manipulation,  suggestive  of 
a  perfect  mastery  of  the  art. 

"  It  was  not  framed  for  village  churls, 
But  for  high  dames  and  mighty  earls." 

9. 

A   w   z  (S)  i. 

With  both  clubs  describe  the  circle  A  followed  by  W,  in  one 
continuous  sweep,  the  clubs  crossing  in  front  of  and  also  behind 
the  person.  As  they  ascend  in  front  of  the  face,  sweep  them 
well  around  to  the  right  and  left  with  graceful  curvature,  turn- 
ing finally  the  upper  dorsal  Z,  after  which  they  descend  again 
into  the  front  circle  to  repeat. 

10. 

B     X    Y    (F)    1. 
Grouping.     BX,     XY,     YB. 

The  first  motion  of  the  right  club  may  be  feinted,  there  being 
no  accumulated  force  to  assist  in  turning  it.  In  consequence  of 
the  clubs  passing  into  the  circle  B  a^  a  point  over  the  head  after 
taming  the  upper  dorsal  Y,  and  again  leaving  it  to  turn  the 
lower,  it  becomes  really  an  arc  instead  of  a  complete  circle,  after 
the  first  sweep  of  the  left  club.  This  abbreviation  or  clipping 
of  the  circles  is  sometimes  unavoidable  in  meeting  the  exigencies 
of  particular  swings.  It  will  be  noticed  also  that  at  the  above 


FRONT   q    AND    Q   WITH   BACK   Y. 

point  the  circles  B  and  C  coincide.  The  rule  is  to  adhere  strictly 
to  the  formula,  using  the  specific  name  of  the  circle  there  given, 
the  coalescence  of  the  different  contours  giving  rise  to  no  practi- 
cal difficulty  in  its  execution. 

This  swing  is  often  executed  from  the  second  point  of  depart- 
ure, in  which  case  the  lower  dorsal  X  follows  a  descending  sweep 
on  each  side,  which  is  an  advantage  in  starting  the  swing.  When 
executed  from  this  point  the  formula  becomes 

Y         C         X    (F)    2. 
Grouping.     YQ,     QX,     XY. 

In  this  case  the  circle  C  *s  clipped.  If  we  regard  the  arc  C 
merely  as  a  connecting  link  between  the  upper  and  lower  dor- 
sals, the  swing  may  be  reduced  to  two  movements,  as  in  No. 
33,  Chap.  II,  Sec.  1. 

11. 

B     X     Y    (S)     1. 

Execute  the  circles  successively  with  both  clubs.    When  started 
from  goal  2  the  formula  is  Y     C     x    (S)    2. 
Practice  also  the  reverse  formulas  to  this. 

Z    D     W    (F)    2. 
Z    D     W    (S)     2. 

12. 

q     C    2  Y    (F)    4.     2. 
Grouping.     qY,     CY. 

In  this  swing  the  left  club  starts  from  the  fourth  goal  and  the 
right  from  the  second.  Swing  both  clubs  up  to  goal  4,  From 
this  position  raise  the  right  perpendicularly  to  goal  2.  Facing 
to  the  right,  turn  the  circlet  q  with  the  left  club.  When  turned 
at  this  position  q  virtually  coincides  with  1,  inasmuch  as  the  club 
drops  forward  and  comes  up  on  the  outside  of  the  arm.  At  the 
same  moment  tarn  the  dorsal  Y  with  the  right  club.  As  soon  as 
q  is  turned  with  the  left  club,  extend  the  arm  at  length  in  the 
same  vertical  plane,  and  describe  the  complete  front  circle  C 
the  right  club,  at  the  same  moment  turning  the  dorsal  Y  a  second 


FKONT   p   AND    £)    WITH   BACK   Z.  83 

time.  Now  face  to  the  left  and  repeat,  turning  the  circlet  q  in 
front  with  the  right  club  while  the  left  turns  the  dorsal  Y,  and 
the  large  circle  C  witu  the  right  while  the  left  repeats  the  dorsal. 
A  dramatic  air  may  be  imparted  to  this  swing  by  assuming  the 
sparring  attitude  as  you  turn  the  circlet,  bending  the  knees  and 
setting  back  the  body  on  the  hips;  then  rise  and  throw  the  club 
to  the  utmost  height  as  you  sweep  the  large  circle.  In  this  way 
considerable  exercise  is  obtained  for  the  lower  limbs  by  con- 
stantly turning  from  side  to  side,  sinking  and  rising  as  you  alter- 
nate from  the  small  to  the  large  circle.  If  the  performer  chooses 
he  may  execute  this  swing  a  definite  number  of  times  consecu- 
tively on  each  side,  uniting  the  divisions  by  the  third  method. 

13. 

q    C    2  Y    (S)    4. 
In  this  form  of  the  swing  the  body  is  kept  square  to  the  front. 

14, 

p    D    2  Z    (F)    3. 
Grouping.     pZ, 


Extend  the  clubs  to  goal  3  on  opposite  sides.  Whirl  the  circ- 
let p  with  the  left  club,  relaxing  the  grasp  and  holding  on  to  the 
club  with  the  thumb  and  fingers,  and  at  the  same  time  turn  the 
dorsal  Z  with  the  right  club.  Then  with  the  left  sweep  the  great 
circle  D>  repeating  the  dorsal  with  the  right.  Now  change  the 
movement  by  turning  the  dorsal  twice  in  succession  with  the  left 
club  while  the  right  executes  the  circlet,  followed  by  the  circle. 
Keep  the  feet  in  position,  only  swaying  the  body  as  the  clubs 
change  from  one  side  to  the  other. 

35. 

p    D    2  Z    (S)    3. 

Describe  each  circle  successively  with  both  clubs;  swing  them 
well  out  to  the  right  and  left  with  graceful  curvature  previous  to 
turning  the  double  dorsal. 


84  BACK   Z   WITH   FROHT   £)    AND    p. 

The  student  should  now  begin  to  exercise  his  inventive  powers 
in  devising  original  swings.  Any  circles  or  arcs  which  glide 
smoothly  into  each  other  may  be  wrought  into  swings.  He  will 
soon  find  a  peculiar  fascination  in  devising  swings  for  his  own 
practice  and  also  take  an  unwonted  interest  in  executing  those 
which  are  the  product  of  his  own  ingenuity, 

16. 

Y   c  q  (F)  2. 

Grouping.    YQ,     Cq.    qY. 

The  circlet  is  turned  in  front  at  the  first  goal,  the  circle  C  be- 
ing clipped.  In  turning  the  circlet,  seek  to  impart  sufficient  im- 
pulse to  the  club  to  send  it  briskly  up  the  ascending  arc.  This 
impulse  assists  materially  in  turning  the  dorsal  Y. 

17. 

Y   c   q   (S)  2. 

When  you  turn  the  circlet  with  both  clubs,  send  them  well  out 
to  the  right  and  left,  sweeping  up  the  ascending  arcs  with  fully 
extended  arms.  The  quality  of  the  swing  depends  largely  on 
the  impulsion  given  to  the  circlets. 

18. 

Z     D    P    (F)    3. 
Grouping.     ZD,     DP>     pZ- 

The  circlet  p  is  turned  at  goal  3  in  front  of  the  extended  arm. 
Practice  the  divisions  well  before  making  the  union,  as  the  order 
in  which  the  circles  follow  each  other  is  somewhat  novel.  In 
sweeping  the  large  front  circle,  be  careful  to  carry  the  club  well 
out  on  the  side  previous  to  turning  the  circlet.  The  more  per- 
fectly the  circles  are  made,  the  more  exhilarating  the  exercise 
becomes. 

19. 

Z     D    P    (S)    3. 
The  start  may  be  taken  from  the  second  goal  if  preferied. 


BACK   Y   WITH   FRONT   Q   Q   AND   B.  85 

20. 

A    W    p    (F)     1. 

Grouping.     Aw>    WP»    PA. 

21. 

A   w   p  (S)   i. 

In  this  swing  as  well  as  in  the  preceding  the  first  two  circles 
are  made  in  an  unbroken  sweep. 

22. 

B     X     q    (F)     1. 

Grouping.     Bx>     Xq,    <lB. 

23. 

B     X     q    (S)     1. 

24. 

Y   c   q   B   (F)  2. 

Grouping.     YQ,     Cq,    qB,     BY. 

In  this  swing  C  is  clipped,  while  B  is  overswept  the  distance 
from  q  to  Y.  The  union  is  by  the  first  method,  the  left  club 
tracing  each  circle  in  succession  and  the  right  also  tracing  each 
successively,  beginning  with  the  second. 

For  the  reason  already  assigned,  namely,  to  discipline, 
strengthen  and  develop  the  left  arm,  which  is  usually  neglected, 
in  stating  the  formulas  and  in  describing  the  swings,  precedence 
has  been  conceded  to  the  left  club.  The  student,  however,  should 
accustom  himself  to  perform  the  swings  either  hand  foremost 
with  equal  facility.  Execute  the  above  swing,  the  right  hand 
taking  the  lead. 


86  SOCIAL  EXERCISE. 

25. 

Y   C   q   B   (S)  2. 

In  this  connection  practice  the  following  formulas: 
Z    D    P    A    (F)    2. 

z    D    p   A   (S)    2. 

Left  club  n     1  )(F)    3. 
Right   "     Y    C)         2. 

p  1  W  (F)  1.     6. 

p  1  W  (S)  1. 

q  m  X  (F)  1.     6. 

q  m  X  (S)  1. 

In  the  last  four  examples  p  and  q  are  turned  in  front  from  the 
first  goal,  and  1  and  m  at  arm's  length  at  the  side  from  the  sixth 
goal. 

26. 

A  P  w  z  (F)  i.   a. 

Grouping.     AP>    Pw,     wz>     ZA. 


The  circlet  p  is  whirled  at  arm's  length  at  the  side.  Extend 
the  arms  to  goal  3  on  each  side  of  the  person.  The  left  club 
first  sweeps  a  complete  straight-arm  circle  in  front.  As  the  club 
comes  around  to  the  goal  again  it  whirls,  as  high  up  as  possible, 
the  circlet  p  ;  then  it  passes  behind  the  hips  where  it  turns  the 
lower  dorsal  W  ;  after  which,  coming  quickly  to  the  front  and 
ascending,  it  describes  finally  the  upper  dorsal  Z,  which  com- 
pletes the  first  section  of  the  swing,  the  same  series  of  circles 
traced  with  the  right  club  forming  the  second  section.  The 
union  is  by  the  first  method,  the  left  club  describing  A  as  tne 
right  whirls  p  ;  the  left  whirling  p  as  the  right  turns  W  ;  the  left 
W  as  the  right  Z  ;  the  left  Z  as  the  right  A. 

This  is  a  very  graceful  swing  when  practice  has  rendered  the 
movements  easy  and  familiar;  and  I  can  conceive  of  no  exercise 
better  calculated  to  secure  perfect  freedom  in  the  use  of  the  arms- 
or  a  finer  development,  than  this  with  the  Indian  clubs.  It  is 
alike  adapted  to  ladies  and  gentlemen  and  undoubtedly  should 


FRONT   B    A^D   Q   WITH   BACK   X   AND   Y.  87 

form  a  part  of  the  daily  curriculum  of  schools  and  colleges  in  the 
department  of  physical  exercise.  Solomon  affirms  of  the  virtu- 
ous woman,  "  She  girdeth  her  loins  with  strength,  and  strength- 
eneth  her  arms."  Furthermore,  the  exercise  of  club  swinging  is 
eminently  social.  What  sight  more  interesting  than  a  company 
of  youths  and  misses,  apparelled  in  neat  and  comely  uniforms, 
swinging  the  Indian  clubs,  in  pairs  or  coteries  of  four,  five  or 
six,  keeping  time  and  following,  when  convenient,  the  accom- 
paniment of  the  piano  or  other  musical  instrument?  Such  a 
scene  calls  vividly  to  mind  the  poet's  holiday  picture; 

"  How  often  have  I  blest  the  coining  day, 
When  toil  remitting  lent  its  turn  to  play, 
And  all  the  village  train,  from  labor  free, 
Led  up  their  sports  beneath  the  spreading  tree, 
While  many  a  pastime  circled  in  the  shade, 
The  young  contending  as  the  old  surveyed ; 
And  many  a  gambol  frolick'd  o'er  the  ground, 
And  sleights  of  hand  and  feats  of  strength  went  round." 

27. 

A   P  w   z   (S)   i. 

Trace  each  circle  with  both  clubs  in  the  order  of  the  formula . 

28. 

B     q     X    Y    (F)     1. 
Grouping.     Bq,     qX,     XY,     YB. 

29. 

B     q     X     Y    (S)  1. 

This  formula  may  be  taken  to  illustrate  the  great  variety  of 
ways  in  which  the  various  circles  made  with  the  clubs  may  be 
combined  into  swings.  By  applying  the  rule  of  permutations 
twenty-four  variations  can  be  formed  from  these  four  circles,  all 
of  which  are  capable  of  being  reduced  to  practice  by  a  skilful 
manipulator  of  the  clubs.  The  formulas  are  as  follows : 


88  FRONT   p   A    ARC    B    BACK   W. 

BqXY        qBXY         XBqY 


B    q    Y   X 

q    B    Y     X 

X    B    Y    q 

Y    B    X    q 

B    X    q    Y 

q    X    B    Y 

X     q     B   Y 

Y     q    B   X 

B    X   Y     q 

q    X  Y    B 

X     q    Y   B 

Y     q    X    E 

B   Y    q     X 

q    Y   B    X 

x  Y  B   q 

Y  x  B  q 

B   Y   X    q 

q    Y    X   B 

X    Y    q    B 

Y    X    q    E 

A     W    p    Z    (F)    1. 
Grouping.     AW,     Wp,    pZ,     7.  A. 

This  formula,  like  the  preceding,  is  susceptible  of  twenty-four 
variations,  some  of  which,  of  course,  are  executed  with  greater 
facility  than  others.  The  above  form  is  one  of  the  best  as  the 
circles  succeed  each  other  in  an  easy  and  natural  way,  with  full 
and  generous  sweeps.  Unite  the  divisions  also  by  the  second 
and  third  methods  according  to  the  following  formulas: 

A   w   p   z   (S)   i. 

Left  club  A    W    p    Z)m    1 
Right   "      B     X     q    YT 

Such  swings  as  these,  which  require  vigorous  effort  should 
not  be  practiced  immediately  after  a  full  meal.  The  following 
rule,  expressed  in  homely  rhythm,  and  broadly  stated  withal,  is 
easy  to  remember: 

"  Rise  £arly  and  take  exercise  in  plenty, 
But  always  take  it  with  your  stomach  empty." 


SECTION  2. 

SWINGS   COMPRISING  THREE  OR  MORE  CIRCLES  OR  ARCS. 
1. 

p    A    arc  B    W    (F)    1. 
Grouping,    p    arc  B,    AW. 

With  the  left  club  whirl  impulsively  the  circlet  p  followed  by 
the  large  circle  A,  an(i  at  tlie  same  moment  swing  the  right  club 


BACK  CIRCLES  Y  AND  Z  FRONT  ARCS  Q  A^D  D.       $9 

out  horizontally  to  the  right  and  then  in  behind  the  person,  turn- 
ing the  dorsal  W.  Next  whirl  the  circlet  impulsively  with  the 
right  club  followed  by  the  front  circle,  while  the  left  swings  out 
horizontally  to  goal  6  and  in  behind  the  person,  turning  the  dor- 
sal. The  sleight  of  turning  the  circlet  with  one  club  while  the 
other  shoots  out  horizontally  is  soon  acquired. 

2. 

p    A    arc  B    W    (S)    1. 

With  both  clubs  first  whirl  the  circlet,  then  sweep  the  front 
circle  allowing  the  clubs  to  cross  in  front  as  they  come  in;  then 
se.nd  both  out  to  a  horizontal  position  at  arm's  length  on  opposite 
sides,  from  which  points  they  pass  in  behind  the  person,  execut- 
ing the  double  dorsal. 


Left  club  Z    Z    arc  D     arc  C    arc  D       )/rp.    « 
Right    "    arc  C    Y    arc  C    arc  Z    arc  C) 

Start  both  clubs  simultaneously  from  goal  3,  on  the  left  side. 
The  left  club  turns  the  dorsal  Z  twice  while  the  right  traverses 
the  front  arc  and  turns  the  dorsal  Y  once;  both  clubs  now  cross 
the  front  arc  in  company  to  the  third  goal  on  the  right;  separat- 
ing at  this  point  the  left  swings  back  on  the  front  arc  to  goal  8 
on  the  left,  while  the  right  club  reaches  the  same  point  by  the 
dorsal  arc  Z  ;  .then  both  recross  in  concert  to  goal  3  on  the  right. 
The  swing  is  quite  easy,  consisting  mostly  of  swinging  the  clubs 
to  and  fro  on  the  front  arcs.  We  have  given  only  the  first  divis- 
ion, the  second  being  the  same  movements  repeated  from  the 
third  goal  on  the  right  side. 

4. 

Left  club  Y    arc  ChT\    2. 
Right   "      arc  D    Z)          6. 

This  swing  is  peculiar  inasmuch  as  each  club  immediately  re- 
traces its  own  movement.  Start  the  left  club  from  the  second 
goal  and  the  right  club  from  the  sixth  goal,  on  the  right  side, 
which  is  the  arm's  length  horizontal  position.  The  left  club 

8* 


90     BACK  CIRCLES  Y  AND  Z  FRONT  ARCS  Q  AND  D. 

turns  the  dorsal  Y  and  sweeps  the  front  arc  C  to  g°al  6  on  the 
left;  the  right  sweeps  the  front  arc  D  and  turns  the  dorsal  Z. 
In  the  second  division  the  right  retraces  its  previous  movement 
by  turning  the  dorsal  Y  and  sweeping  the  front  arc  C  to  the 
sixth  goal  on  the  right,  while  the  left  also  retraces  by  swinging 
back  on  the  arc  £)  and  turning  the  dorsal  Z.  This  swing  affords 
a  fine  stretch  for  the  arms  as  the  clubs  swing  out  and  stop  at  the 
sixth  goal  on  either  side. 

5. 

Left  club  Z    arc  D 
Right    "      arc  C    Y 

Both  clubs  start  from  goal  3  on  the  left  side.  First  division : 
the  left  club  turns  the  dorsal  Z  and  sweeps  the  front  arc  £)  as 
far  as  goal  3  on  the  right,  while  the  right  club  traverses  the  front 
arc  C  and  turns  the  dorsal  Y.  Second  division:  the  right  club 
turns  the  dorsal  Z  and  sweeps  the  front  arc  £)  to  goal  3  on  the 
left,  while  the  left  club  traverses  the  front  arc  Q  and  turns  the 
dorsal  Y. 

6. 

Left  club          Z    Z     D     Z     D     Z    arc  D )  /™    o 
Right   "      arc  C    Y     C     Y     Y     Y    arc  C  ) 

The  clubs  move  simultaneously  from  the  third  goal  on  the  left 
side,  the  left  turning  the  dorsal  Z,  the  right  swinging  across  on 
the  front  arc  C  ;  "tne  left  turning  the  second  dorsal  Z,  the  right 
turning  the  first  Y  ;  both  now  sweeping  together  the  front  circle 
which  is  D  for  the  left  club  and  C  for  tne  right;  the  left  club 
turning  the  third  Z,  the  right  the  second  Y  ;  the  left  now  sweep- 
ing alone  the  front  circle  £)  the  right  turning  the  third  -Y ; 
lastly,  in  concert,  the  left  turning  the  fourth  Z,  the  right  the 
fourth  Y  and  swinging  across  on  the  front  arc  to  goal  3  on  the 
right  side.  The  swing  is  less  difficult  than  the  formula  would 
indicate,  as  the  clubs  for  the  most  part  move  in  concert,  execut- 
ing parallel  circles,  while  the  reckoning  is  easily  kept  by  count- 
ing the  dorsal  turns  of  either  club,  of  which  there  are  four. 


BACK   W   FRONT   p   AND   ARC    Q.  91 

7. 

Y    arc  C    w    arc  B    (F)    2.     6. 
Grouping.     YW,     arc  C    arc  B. 

The  left  club  starting  from  the  second  goal  turns  Y  and  sweeps 
the  front  arc  C  to  S°'^  &  on  tne  ^e^-  At  tne  same  moment  the 
right  club,  starting  from  goal  6  on  the  right,  and,  swinging  be- 
hind the  person,  turns -W  and  ascends  arc  B  on  the  right. 
The  left  club,  starting  anew,  as  it  were,  from  the  sixth  goal  on 
the  left,  turns  W  and  ascends  the  arc  B,  while  the  right  club, 
turning  Y  sweeps  the  front  arc  to  goal  6  on  the  right,  its  first 
point  of  departure.  The  movement  is  somewhat  chary  and  elu- 
sive, and  on  that  account  more  captivating.  The  divisions  of 
this  swing  may  be  united  in  each  of  the  three  methods,  affording 
a  fine  illustration  of  the  three  forms  of  union  applied  to  a  single 
formula.  The  ingenious  student  will  be  able  to  apply  the  third 
form  to  a  number  of  the  swings  described  in  this  book  where 
only  the  first  and  second  methods  are  exhibited  in  the  text.  A 
critical  review  of  the  swings  with  this  object  in  view  will  afford 
entertainment  as  well  as  exercise. 

Practice  the  second  and  third  forms  of  this  swing  and  also  the 
reverse,  as  indicated  in  the  following  formulas: 

Y  arc  C  W  arc  B  (S)  2. 

Y  arc  C  w  arc  B  (T)  2. 

Z  arc  D  X  arc  A  (F)  2. 

Z  arc  D  X  arc  A  (8)  2. 

Z  arc  D  X  arc  A  (T)  2. 

8. 

Left  club          Wpp    arc  C)/p\    6 
Right    "      arc  D     P    P    arc  C) 

Extend  the  clubs  to  goal  6,  on  opposite  sides,  pointing  out- 
wards. Sweep  the  back  circle  W  with  the  left  club,  followed 
by  the  circlet  p  in  front;  at  the  same  time  swing  in  the  right  club 
on  the  short  arc  £)  also  turning  the  circlet  p  in  front.  Repeat 
the  circlet  with  both  clubs,  allowing  them  to  cross  in  front,  after 
which  both  swing  out  on  the  arc  C  to  t^6  original  position. 


92  BACK    W   FRONT   p   AND   ARC    Qt     , 

Then  the  right  club  sweeps  the  back  circle  W  while  the  left 
takes  the  arc  J^  and  so  oa  alternately.  Try  the  following 
formulas : 

Wpp    arc  C    (S)    6. 
W    p    p    arc  C    (T)    6. 
Left   club  X     q     q     arc  D )  (p\    g 

Right   "      arc  C    q    q    arc  D  j 

X     q    q    arc  D     (S)    6. 
X     q    q    arc  D     (T)    6. 


Left  club  m    Y        \tw\    & 
Right   "       1     arc  C) 

Extending  both  clubs  to  goal  6  on  the  left  side,  whirl  the  circ- 
let m  with  the  left  club,  and  1  with  the  right;  then  the  dorsal  Y 
with  the  left,  while  the  right  swings  across  to  goal  6  on  the  right 
side.  From  this  point  the  right  club  turns  m  and  Y,  while  the 
left  turns  1  and  sweeps  the  arc.  The  union  by  (S)  and  (T)  may 
be  applied  to  this  formula  and  also  to  the  reverse. 

Left  club  1    arc  D    /wv    a 
Right   "    m    Z 


Without  extending  further  the  list  of  detached  swings,  the 
following  chapter  will  be  occupied  in  presenting  in  new  and  in 
teresting  relations  some  of  those  already  described. 

"  To  please  the  fancy  is  no  trifling  good, 
Where  health  is  studied;  for  whatever  moves 
The  mind  with  calm  delight  promotes  the  just 
And  natural  movements  of  the  harmonious  frame." 


CHAPTER  IV. 

BIFOLD,    COMPOUND  AND   CONTINUOUS  SWINGS. 

SECTION  1. 

BIFOLD   SWINGS. 

Many  of  the  formulas  enunciated  in  the  preceding  chapters 
may  be  rendered  at  once  more  interesting  and  more  useful  by 
bifolding  or  repeating  each  circle  in  each  division  as  the  swing 
proceeds.  The  increased  volume  of  the  duplicated  swing  affords 
a  greater  amount  of  exercise  and  an  agreeable  diversity  of  move- 
ment, while  at  the  same  time,  the  distinctive  character  of  each 
swing  is  fully  retained.  The  following  formulas  will  serve  to 
illustrate  the  beauty  and  practicability  of  the  bifold  principle 
which  the  student  is  earnestly  recommended  to  apply  to  the  ut- 
most extent  of  his  ingenuity. 

1. 

2  1    2  G    (F)    2.    Page  35. 

From  the  second  goal,  whirl  the  circlet  twice  with  the  left 
club,  while  with  the  right,  for  each  turn  of  the  circlet,  you  sweep 
the  forward  side  circle.  Then  whirl  two  circlets  with  the  right 
club  and  two  side  circles  with  the  left.  Swing  deliberately, 
counting  the  movements,  and  swaying  the  body  to  the  right  and 
left  as  the  straight-arm  circle  changes  from  side  to  side.  The 
primitive  of  each  bifold  swing  will  be  found  on  the  page  given 
in  the  formula. 

2. 

2  1    2  Y    (F)    2.     Page  49. 


94  BIFOLD   SWINGS. 

3. 

2  1    2  Y    (S)    2.    Page  50. 

4. 

2  Y    2  G    (F)    2.     Page  44. 

5. 

2  q    2  C    4  Y    (F)    4.     2.    Page  82. 
Grouping.     2  q    2  Y,     2  C     2  Y. 

Facing  to  the  right  turn  the  circlet  twice  at  the  fourth  goal  in 
front  of  the  breast  with  the  left  club,  and  the  dorsal  twice  with 
the  right,  then  the  front  circle  C  twice  with  the  left,  and  two 
additional  dorsals  with  the  right.  Repeat,  facing  to  the  left. 

6. 

2  q    2  G    4  Y    (S)    4.    Page  83. 

7. 

2  Y    2  C    2  q    (F)    2.     Page  84. 
Grouping.     2Y2C;2C2q,     2q2Y. 

8. 
2  Y    2  C    2  q    (S)    2.     Page  84, 

9. 

.2  A    2  W    (F)     1.     Page  47. 

10. 
2  A    2  W    (S)    1.    Page  47. 

11. 

2  Y    2  C    2  q    2  B    (F)    2.     Page  85. 
Grouping.      2  Y    2  C,     2  C    2  q,     2  q    2  B,     2  B    2  Y. 


COMPOUND   SWINGS.  95 

12. 

2  Y    2  C    2  q    2  B    (S)    2.     Page  86. 

13. 

2  Y    2  C    2  X    (F)    2.    Page  82. 
Grouping.     2  Y    2  C,     2  C    2  X,    2X2  Y. 

14. 

2  Y    2  C    2  X    (S)    2.     Page  82. 

The  difficulty  of  repeating  the  lower  dorsal  circles  may  be- 
obviated  by  substituting  p  for  W  and  q  for  X  in  the  second  rev- 
olution of  the  clubs. 

15. 

2  p    2  D     *  Z    (F)    3.     Page  83. 
Grouping.     2  p    2  Z,    2  D     2  Z. 

16. 

2  p    2  D    *  Z    (S)    3.     Page  83. 

In  the  last  two  formulas,  the  circlet  is  turned  at  goal  3  at 
arm's  length  at  the  side.  I  think  every  unprejudiced  person 
must  admit  that  no  exercise  can  be  devised  better  adapted  to  in- 
crease the  lung  capacity  than  these  bifold  swings,  notwithstand- 
ing the  covetous  banker's  humorous  commendation  of  dumb 
bells,  who,  on  being  teased  for  money  by  his  daughter,  whose 
name  was  Belle,  replied, 

"  Dear  Belle,  to  gain  money,  sure,  silence  is  best, 
•For  dumb  Bells  are  fittest  to  open  the  chest." 


SECTION  2. 

COMPOUND   SWINGS. 

Two  swings  whose  movements  flow  smoothly  together  may" 
often  be  united  and  repeated  as  one.  Frequently  a  formula  and 
its  reverse  may  be  thus  joined  forming  an  attractive  compound,, 
as  in  the  following  examples: 


96  COMPOUND   SWINGS. 

1. 

(Y    arc  C     arc  D)    (Z    arc  D     arc  Q    (F)    1. 

The  component  formulas  will  be  found  on  pages  63  and  64. 
Execute  them  successively,  passing  promptly  from  the  first  to 
the  second,  repealing  the  two  precisely  as  one  swing.  They 
will  soon  run  smoothly  together,  forming  a  new  and  agreeable 
combination. 

2.  (Y    arc  C     arc  D)    (Z    arc  D     arc  C)    (8)    1. 

3.  (q     C    2  Y)    (p     D     2  Z)    (F)    4.     2.    Page  82-3. 

4.  (q     C    2  Y)    (p     D     2  Z)    (S)    4. 


5. 

(Y 

C 

q) 

(Z 

D 

p) 

(F)    2. 

Page  84. 

6. 

(Y 

c 

q) 

(Z 

D 

P) 

(S) 

2. 

7. 

(Y 

c 

q 

B) 

(Z 

D 

P 

A) 

(F) 

2. 

Page  85-6. 

8. 

(Y 

c 

q 

B) 

(Z 

D 

P 

A) 

(S) 

o^ 

Sometimes  compounds  are  formed  by  uniting  a  swing  which 
contains  the  upper  series  of  motions  to  another  which  contains 
the  lower  series,  as  in  the  following  examples,  in  each  of  which 
you  first  execute  on  both  sides  the  first  formula,  containing  the 
upper  series,  and  then  pass  to  the  second  containing  the  lower 
series,  repeating  the  two  continuously  as  one  swing. 

1.  (Y  arc  C  arc  D)  (W  p  p  arc  Q  (F)  2. 

2.  (Y  arc  C  arc  D)  (W  p  p  arc  C)  (S)  2. 

3.  (Z  arc  D  arc  C)  (X  q  q  arc  D)  (F)  2. 

4.  (Z  arc  D  arc  Q  (X  q  q  arc  D)  (S)  2. 

Compound  swings  may  be  bitolded  with  most  pleasing  effect 
as  in  the  following  examples: 

1.  (2  Y  2  C)    (2  Z    2  D)    (F)    2.    Page  40-2. 

2.  (2  Y  2  Q    (2  Z    2  D)    (S)     2. 

3.  (Y  arc  Y  D  arc  D)  (z  arc  Z  C  arc  C)  (F)  2.  Page  70-1. 

4.  (2  q  2  C    4  Y)    (2  p    2  D     *  Z)    (F)    4.  2.  Page  82-3. 

5.  (2  q  2  C    *  Y)    (2  p    2  D     4  Z)    (S)    4. 

6.  (2Y  2C    2  q)    (2  Z    2D     2  p)    (F)    2.     Page  84. 

7.  (2Y  2C    2  q)    (2Z    2D     2  p)    (S)    2. 

8.  (2  Y  2  C  2  q  2  B)  (2  Z  2  D  2  p  2  A)  (F)  2.  Page  85-6. 

9.  (2  Y  2  C  2  q  2  B)  (2  Z  2  D  2  p  2  A)  (S)   2. 


CONTINUOUS   SWINGS.  97 

In  the  third  example  complete  circles  are  turned  on  the  first 
circuit,  the  parallelism  taking  effect  only  on  the  second.  In  this- 
way  many  other  arc  swings  may  be  bifolded. 


SECTION  3. 

CONTINUOUS  SWINGS. 

"  Strength  of  heart 

And  might  of  limb,  but  mainly  use  and  skill, 
Are  winners  in  this  pastime  of  our  king." 

Swings  in  which  the  transition  from  one  to  another  is  easyr 
and  natural  may  be  arranged  into  lists  and  executed  continuous- 
ly, presenting  an  ever  varying  outline  of  graceful  motions.  The- 
student  is  recommended  to  construct  lists  for  his  own  practice,, 
as  an  opportunity  is  thus  afforded  him  to  weave  in  his  favorite 
swings,  which  method,  he  will  find,  greatly  enhances  his  inter- 
est in  the  exercise.  The  following  lists  are  presented  more  to 
illustrate  the  principle  of  continuity  and  to  invite  effort,  than  to 
indicate  any  preference  of  classification.  In  continuous  swing- 
ing each  formula  of  a  list  may  be  executed  once,  or  more  than 
once,  at  the  option  of  the  performer.  In  learning  a  list,  practice 
the  first  formula,  then  the  first  and  second,  then  the  first,  second 
and  third,  then  add  the  fourth,  and  so  on  until  the  entire  list  is 
thoroughly  memorized,  and  the  order  of  arrangement  becomes 
so  familiar  as  to  seem  perfectly  natural  and  spontaneous. 


3. 


FIRST  LIST. 

Left 
Right 

club 

Y 
Z 

CUT) 
D) 

2. 

Page  77. 

Left 
Right 

club 

C 
D 

Y)(T) 

z) 

2. 

|  circle 

interval. 

Page 

78. 

Left 
Right 

club 

2  1 

arc 
Y 
Z 

arc 

C 

arc 
arc 
arc 

D 
C 
D 

arc 
arc 
arc 

c! 

D 
C 

(F) 
(F) 

3. 

1. 
1, 

Page  62. 

Page  63. 
Page  64. 

98  CONTINUOUS   SWINGS. 


6.  Left  club  2  Z  arc  D  arc  C  arc  D       )  (T)  3.  Page  89. 
Right   "    arc  C  Y  arc  C  arc  D  arc  C) 

7.  Left  club  Y    arcC)m2.    Page  89. 
Right   "    arcD    ZT   '   6. 


9.    Left  club  o    m    arcDj(T)    3.    Page  61. 

Right   "     o    m    arc  C  ) 
10.    Left  club  2  Z   D   Z   D   Z  arcD)(T)    3.     Page  90 
Right  "     arcQ   Y   C   3Y  arc 


SECOND  LIST. 

1.  Y     C  (F)  2.  Page  40. 

2.  Z    D  (F)  2.  Page  42. 

3.  Arc  Y  arc  D  (F)    3.    Page  70. 

4.  Arc  Z  arc  C  (F)    3.    Page  71. 

5.  Y     1  (F)  2.  Page  49. 

6.  Y    Q  (F)  2.  Page  44. 

7.  1     Q  (F)  2.  Page  35. 


9.     Arc  E    m   in  transit    (S)     1. 

Arc  G     1  "          (S)    7.)  Page  65. 

10.     1    arc  D     (T)    6.     concert,  low  and  high.    Page  6 


THIRD    LIST. 

1.  Parallel  circlets  1    n|m    ojp 

n    1  fo    m) 

2.  p  A  (F)    1.     Page  36. 

3.  q  B  (F)     1.     Page  38. 

4.  q  C  2  Y    (F)    4.     2.  Page  82. 

5.  p  D  2  Z    (F)    3.  "  83. 

6.  Y  C  q         (F)    2.  "  84. 

7.  Z  D  P         (F)    3.  "  84. 
8-  Y  C  q   B  (F)    2.  "  85. 
9.  Z  D  P  A  (F)    2.  "  86. 

10.     p    D     (F)    3.  "    38. 


CONTIGUOUS  SWINGS.  99 


FOURTH  LIST. 


1. 

A 

W 

z 

(F) 

1. 

Page 

80. 

2. 

B 

X 

Y 

(F) 

1. 

" 

81. 

3. 

A 

W 

Z 

(S) 

1. 

« 

81. 

4. 

B 

X 

Y 

(S) 

1. 

« 

82. 

5. 

q 

C    2Y(S) 

4. 

11 

83. 

6. 

p 

D 

2  Z 

(S) 

3. 

(i 

83. 

7. 

Y 

Q 

q 

(S) 

2. 

tt 

84. 

8. 

z 

D 

P 

(S) 

3. 

<( 

84. 

9. 

A 

p 

W 

z 

(F) 

1.    3. 

Page  86. 

10. 

A 

p 

W 

z 

(S) 

1. 

"     87. 

FIFTH  LIST. 

1. 

p 

X 

(F) 

1. 

Page  55. 

2. 

q 

X 

(F) 

1. 

«i 

55. 

3. 

P 

w 

(F) 

1. 

« 

52. 

4. 

q 

w 

(F) 

1. 

" 

53. 

5. 

Left  club  q 

X 

!(T) 

1.    Concert.     F 

Right 

"    P 

w 

) 

6. 

Left  club  n 

1 

Wj(T)    3. 

Concert. 

Right 

'    n 

1 

X  ) 

7.  Left  clubo  m  W)(T     g      concert.     Page  55. 
Right   "    o  m  X  j 

8.  W    Z    (F)  1.     Page  50. 

9.  W    Z    (S)  1.        "    51. 
10.    Y      X    (F)  2.        "    58. 

SIXTH  LIST. 

1.  q    B    w    A    (T)    !•     Concert.     Page  56. 

2.  Left  club  A    W) 

Right   "      B    x  )(T)    1.     Concert.     Page  79. 

3.  Left  club  A    WI(T)    1.    i  circle  interval.     Page  80. 
Right   '       B     X  j 

4.  Left  club  Y     X  )(T)    j      concert.    Page  80. 
Right   "     Z      Wjv 

5.  A    W    (F)    1.    Page  47. 

6.  A    W    (S)     1.        "    47. 


100  CONTINUOUS   SWINGS. 


7. 

8. 
9. 
10. 

B 
B 
B 
B 

X 

w 

(F)    1. 
(S)     1. 
(F)    1. 
(S)     1. 

Page 

47. 
48. 
48. 
49. 

SEVENTH   LIST. 

1. 

2 

Y 

2 

C 

(F) 

2. 

Page  40. 

2. 

2 

Y 

2 

C 

2  X 

(F) 

2. 

"    82. 

3. 

2 

Y 

2 

C 

2q 

(P) 

2. 

"    84. 

4.. 

2 

Y 

2 

C 

2q 

2 

B 

(F) 

2.      "    85. 

5. 

2 

Z 

2 

D 

(F) 

2. 

"    42. 

6. 

2 

Z 

2 

D 

2  W 

(F) 

2. 

11     82. 

7. 

2 

Z 

2 

D 

2p 

(F) 

3. 

"    84. 

8. 

2 

Z 

2 

D 

2p 

2 

A 

(F) 

2.     "    86. 

9. 

2 

A 

2 

w 

(S) 

1. 

"    47. 

10. 

2 

A 

2 

w 

2  Z 

(S) 

1. 

"    81. 

EIGHTH    LIST. 

1. 

R 

I 

(F) 

5. 

Page  44. 

2. 

R 

I 

(S) 

5. 

i  < 

45. 

3. 

S 

J 

(F) 

5. 

" 

46. 

4. 

S 

J 

(S) 

5. 

11 

46. 

5. 

Y 

arc 

C 

arc  I 

) 

(S) 

1. 

Page  64. 

6. 

Z 

arc 

D 

arc  C 

(S) 

1. 

"    64. 

7. 

P 

1 

w 

(F) 

1. 

6 

. 

"    86. 

8. 

P 

1 

w 

(S) 

1. 

"    86. 

9. 

q 

m 

X 

(F) 

1. 

6 

. 

"    86. 

10. 

p 

E 

(F) 

1. 

"    57. 

NINTH   LIST. 
BIFOLD   ARC   SWINGS. 


1.  Left  club  o    m    o    m  r_)     arc  D  ) /rm    3.     Page  61. 
Right   "    o    m    o    m  C      arc  C  ) 

2.  Left  clubn    1      n    1  arc  D  KT)    8. 
Right   "    arc  C  arc  D  arc  C  arc  D  arc  C) 


CONTINUOUS   SWINGS. 


101 


3. 
4. 

6. 
7. 

8. 

9. 
10. 


Left  club  Y    Y    Y    arc  C  )  (F)  2. 

Right   "    arc  D  arc  C  arc  D  arc  C)         6.    Page  63. 

Left  club  Z    Z     Z    arc  D 


(F) 


(T) 


Right   "    arc  C  arc  D  arc  C  arc  D )         6« 

Y    arc  Y     D     arc  D     (F)    3.        Page  70. 

D  arc  D   Y      arc  Y      (S)     3.  "    71. 

Left  club  Y    Y     C    arc  C 

Right   "     D  arc  D    Z     Z 

Left  club  Z     Z     D     arc  D  \  rr\    q 

Right   "      C  arc  C      Y    Y  T 

Y  Y  C  arc  C  W  W  B  arc  B  (F)  2.  6.     Page  91. 

Z  Z  D  arc  D  X    X    A  arc  A  (F)  2.  1.        "     91. 


64. 


6. 


Page  89. 
"    90. 


TENTH 

LIST. 

1. 

A    W    (F)     1. 

Page  47. 

2. 

A    W    p    (F)    1. 

"    85. 

3. 

A    W    Z   (F)    1. 

"    80. 

4. 

A    W    p    Z    (F)     1. 

"    88. 

0. 

A    W    (S)    1. 

"    47. 

<>. 

A   w   p  (S)   i. 

"    85. 

7. 

A   w   z  (S)   i. 

"    81. 

8. 

A  w   p   z   (S)   i. 

"    88. 

9. 

B     X      Y    (F)     1. 

"    81. 

10. 

B    X     Y    (S)     1. 

"    82. 

ELEVENTH  LIST. 

1. 

n    1    Y     C    (F)    3.     2 

. 

Page  86. 

2. 

Y     5!(T)    2.     Concert. 

"      78. 

z    C) 

3. 

p      A    arc  B    W    (F) 

1. 

"      88. 

4. 

W  p      p      arc  C      (F) 

6. 

"      91. 

5. 

m    Y      1      arc  C      (F) 

6. 

"      92. 

6. 

1      arc   D    m     Z      (F) 

6. 

"     92. 

7. 

Left  clubY     C    Y    Y 
Right   "    Z    Z     D    Z 

(T)    2. 

"      77. 

8. 

Z     D     W    (F)    2. 

"      82. 

9. 

Z     D     W    (S)    2. 

"      82. 

10. 

Left  club  arc  D     arc  Y 

\ 

i  t             r"*-O 

*9k 

Right   "    arc  Z      arc  C 

j 

g* 

102  CONTINUOUS   SWINGS. 


"Few  are  aware,  until  too  late,  of  the  importance  of  a 
healthy  and  vigorous  bodily  constitution.  Such  a  constitution 
can  only  be  secured  by  EXERCISE,  temperance,  and  care  in 
YOUTH."  Jg| 

WAYLAND. 

The  revered  late  President  of  Brown  University,  whose  wise 
and  weighty  words  are  here  quoted,  was  himself  an  earnest  ad- 
vocate and  constant  exemplar  of  systematic  physical  culture. 
His  sound  judgment  may  be  presumed  to  have  been  in  full  accord 
with  that  of  many  other  eminent  savans  in  awarding  preeminence 
to  the  noble  Fine  Art  illustrated  in  these  pages.  The  Amateur 
closes  his  book,  with  a  cordial  invitation  to  every  young  man  to 
give  its  contents  a  practical  examination,  being  fully  confident 
that  every  one  who  submits  it  to  that  test  will  frankly  admit, 
that  among  the  various  modes  of  physical  recreation  now  in 
vogue,  no  other  one  is  so  cheap,  so  convenient,  so  easily  acquired, 
so  free  from  liability  to  strain  or  accident,  and  at  the  same  time 
so  prompt  and  salutary  in  its  effects  on  the  muscular,  ^respira- 
tory and  mental  organization  of  its  devotees  as  the  interesting 
and  manly  exercise  of 

INDIAN  CLUB  SWINGING. 


APPENDIX. 


The  following  extracts  contain  the  deliberate  and  recorded 
opinions  of  professional  instructors  and  athletes,  who,  both  from 
their  thorough  knowledge  and  long  practice  of  the  art  of  Indian 
club  swinging  are  well  qualified  to  speak  of  its  merits  and 
results  : 

1. 

"  This  is  a  very  graceful  and  beneficial  exercise.  It  is  easily 
acquired,  and  can  be  practiced  at  the  office  or  dwelling  of  every 
person.  There  is  nothing  in  the  whole  round  of  gymnastic  per- 
formances that  will  be  found  of  more  essential  service  than  this 
exercise  with  the  clubs." 

WM.  WOOD. 

2. 

"  For  simplicity  and  convenience,  they  are  unsurpassed  by  any 
other  kind  of  apparatus,  and  half  the  fixtures  of  an  ordinary 
gymnasium  will  not  produce  such  a  general  development  of  the 
muscles,  as  a  pair  of  clubs." 

S.  D.  KEHOE. 

3. 

"  As  a  means  of  imparting  strength  to  the  muscles  of  the  arms, 
wrists  and  hands,  in  fact  to  the  whole  muscular  system,  I  do  not 
know  of  their  equal." 

J.  C.  HEENAN. 


104  APPENDIX. 

4. 

"  If  their  use  is  persevered  in  they  will  render  the  person  who 
practices  with  them  fully  able  to  use  his  left  arm  almost  as  well 
as  his  right  in  hurling,  flinging  stones,  lifting  weights  and  simi- 
lar operations." 

F.  TOUCEY. 

5. 

"In  the  entire  round  of  gymnastic  exercises,  no  such  efficient 
instruments  as  these  have  been  discovered  for  bringing  into  ac- 
tion the  muscles  and  tendons  of  the  arms  and  trunk,  which  are 
generally  less  used  than  those  of  the  legs." 

PROF.  HARRISON. 

6. 

"  For  indoor  exercise  there  is  nothing  that  can  compete  with 
them,  the  exercise  far  excelling  the  tedious  motions  required  in 
using  dumb-bells,  pulley  weights,  &c.,  they  being  the  same  thing 
over  and  over  again;  while  with  clubs,  new  motions,  changes 
and  combinations  are  continually  entering  the  mind,  making  it 
a  source  of  pleasure,  as  well  as  benefiting  the  system." 

S.  T.  WHEELWRIGHT. 

7. 

V  All  work  done  above  the  head,  such  as  swinging  dubs,  or  an 
axe  or  sledge,  does  excellent  service  in  bringing  to  the  abdominal 
muscles  the  length  and  elasticity  they  ought  to  have,  and  so  con- 
tributing materially  to  the  erect  carriage  of  the  body." 

WM.  BLAIKIE. 

8. 

"Although  but  two-thirds  of  the  body,  viz.,  from  the  loins 
upward,  are  called  into  operation  in  this  exercise,  its  importance 
must  be  estimated  by  the  fact  that  they  are  precisely  those  requir- 
ing constant  artificial  practice,  being  naturally  most  exempted 
from  exertion." 

EDWARD  JAMES. 


APPENDIX.  105 


"  As  a  means  of  physical  culture,  the  Indian  Clubs  stand  pre- 
eminent among  the  varied  apparatus  of  gymnastics  now  in  use. 
The  evolutions  which  the  clubs  are  made  to  perform,  in  the 
hands  of  one  accustomed  to  their  use,  are  exceedingly  graceful. 
Besides  the  great  recommendation  of  simplicity,  the  Indian  Club 
practice  possesses  the  essential  property  of  expanding  the  chest 
and  exercising  every  muscle  in  the  body  concurrently.  Note  in 
the  crowded  thoroughfare  of  Broadway  now  and  then  an  occa- 
sional passer-by,  with  well-knit  and  shapely  form,  firm  and  elas- 
tic step,  broad-chested  and  full  blooded,  and  you  may  mark  him 

down  as  an  expert  with  the  clubs." 

Gus  HILL. 

10. 

"It  demands  but  little  muscular  exertion,  and  such  as  it  does 
require  calls  chiefly  upon  that  portion  of  the  system  which  it 
finds  in  a  state  of  comparative  repose." 

PROF.  WALKER. 

11. 

"For  keeping  the  body  in  a  healthy  and  vigorous  condition 
there  has  yet  been  nothing  invented,  which  for  its  simplicity  and 
gracefulness  can  be  favorably  compared  with  the  Indian  Club 
exercise.  Where  the  general  building  up  of  the  muscles  and 
sinews  of  the  entire  body  is  requisite,  the  medical  profession 
unite  with  me  in  recommending  club  exercise,  as  they  bring  all 
parts  of  the  body  into  play  proportionately.  My  experience  of 
many  years,  which  has  brought  me  in  contact  with  the  most 
prominent  gymnasts  and  athletes  of  the  country,  warrants  me 
to  distinctly  state,  that  there  is  no  exercise  so  desirable  or  so  at  - 
tractive  to  the  debilitated,  or  so  positive  in  its  results  as  the 
handling  of  Indian  Clubs.  Particularly  is  this  the  case  for  those 
who  are  wanting  in  vitality,  and  whose  constitutions  are  im- 
paired by  the  sluggish  circulation  of  the  blood.  I  may  consci- 
entiously say,  a  few  moments'  exercise  with  a  light  pair  of  clubs 
will  accomplish  more  than  all  the  medicines  and  tonics  in  the 
world." 

M.  BORNSTEIN. 


CONTENTS. 


INTRODUCTION. 


PAGE. 

General  instructions  in  relation  to  the  Indian  club  exercise .     5  -10 


CHAPTER  I. 

SINGLE  MOVEMENTS. 

SECTION  1. 

Description  of  the  large  Front,  Side  and  Horizontal  cir- 
cles: Elliptical  curves 11-21 

SECTION  2. 
Description  of  the  Dorsal  circles 21-25 

SECTION  3. 

Description  of  the  Wrist  circles 25-29 

s 

SECTION  4. 
Description  of  the  Partial  circles  or  Arcs 29-33- 


CHAPTER  II. 

DUAL  MOVEMENTS. 

Structural  divisions  of  swings.     Three  modes  of  union ...        34 


108  CONTENTS. 

SECTION  1. 

SWINGS  CONTAINING  TWO  CIRCLES. 

PAGE. 

1.  The  Lateral  (F).     One  variation 35 

2.  "    Front  (F) : 36 

3.  "        "      (S) 37 

4.  "    Reverse  Front  (F) 38 

5.  "          "           "      (S) 38 

6.  "    Gossamer  (F) 38 

7.  "            "         (S) 40 

8.  "    Crest  (F) 40 

9.  "        "    (S) 41 

10.  "    Reverse  Crest  (F) 42 

11.  "          "           "     (S) 42 

12.  "    Ogre(F) 44 

13.  "     Horizontal  (F) 44 

14.  "             "          (S) 45 

15.  "    Reverse  Horizontal  (F) 46 

16.  "          "               "          (S) 46 

17.  "    Guide  (F) 47 

18.  "        "      (S) 47 

19.  "    Reverse  Guide  (F) 47 

20.  "          "            "      (S) 48 

21.  "     Trail  (F) 48 

22.  "        "    (S) 49 

23.  "    Reverse  Trail  (F) 49 

24.  "          "           "    (S) ..  49 

25.  "    Antler  (F) 49 

26.  "          "     (S) 50 

27.  "    *Cazique  (F) 50 

28.  "          "         (S) 51 

29.  ' '     Wrist  and  bent  arm  series 52^56 

30.  "    Enigma 56 

31.  "    Reverse  Enigma 57 

32.  "     Reverse  Lateral  (F).     One  variation 57 

33.  "          "        Cazique(F).    Four  alternating  formulas,  58 

*  "  Chief  of  chiefs,  his  regal  word 
All  the  river  Sachems  heard, 
At  his  call  the  war-dance  stirred, 
Or  was  still  once  more." 


CONTENTS.  109 

SECTION   a. 

SWINGS  CONTAINING   A   CIRCLE   AND   AN   ARC,    OR  TWO  ARCS. 

PAGE. 

1.  The  Facial.     Five  variations 59-62 

2.  "  School.    Two        "         62 

3.  ' '  Sleepy  (F).     Three  variations 63 

4.  "        "       (S) 64 

5.  "  Reverse  Sleepy  (F).     Two  variations 64 

6.  "          "            "      (S) 64 

7.  "  Transit.     Two  variations 65 

8.  "  Twists  and  rigid-arm  exercises 66-69 

9.  "  Extension.    (Five  forms).    Dorsal  arcs  £)  and  Q  69-74 


CHAPTER  III. 

TRIPLE   AND   QUADRUPLE   MOVEMENTS. 

SECTION    1. 
SWINGS   CONTAINING    THREE   OR   MORE   CIRCLES. 


1. 

Independent  motions.     Eight  examples  

PAGE. 

.  .  .  .     75-6 

2. 

Accelerated        "            Four        "         

77 

3. 

The  Parallel.     The  Transfer  and  two  variations. 

.  .  .  .     77-8 

4. 

"     Windmill  -  

78 

5. 

*'    Inverted  Parallel  

79 

6. 

Windmill  

....      '80 

7. 

'  '     Cincture  

80 

8. 

"     Sachem  (F)  

80 

9. 

"       (S)  

81 

10. 

"    Reverse  Sachem  (F)  

81 

11. 

"       (S)  

82 

12. 

"     Falcon  (F)  

82 

13. 

11      (S)  

83 

14. 

"    Reverse  Falcon  (F)  

83 

15. 

11       (S)  

83 

16. 

"    Triplet  (F)  

84 

17. 

11      (S)  

84 

10 

110  CONTENTS. 


18      The  Reverse  Triplet  (F)          

PAGE. 

84 
84 
85 
85 
85 
85 
85 
80 
86 
87 
87 
88 
88 

niER  . 

PAGE. 

,.•       88 
89 

19.       "          "             "      (S).. 

20.       '  '    Scout  (F)  

21.       "          "    (S)  

22        "    Reverse  Scout  (F)  ,  

23.       "          "           "      (S)       

24.       '  '    Chariot  (F)  

25        "          "       (S)     (Seven  others)  

26        "    Pinnacle  (F)  

27       "          "         (S) 

28        "    Reverse  Pinnacle  (F) 

29        "          "              "        (S)      Permutations 

30        "    Talisman       .              

SECTION  2. 

SWINGS  CONTAINING   THREE   OR   MORE   MOVEMENTS,    El' 
ARCS   OR  CIRCLES. 

1      The  Hermit  (F)                  ...... 

2                    "       (S) 

3        "     Highland  

89 

4        "     Crescent 

89 
90 
<JO 
91 

5        "    Reverse  Crescent  

6        "     Crown 

7        "     Wizard      (Six  forms)  

8        '  '    Fawn      

91 

9        "     Pearl  and  Reverse  

92 

.93-102 

103-105 
107-110 

CHAPTER  IV. 

Examples  in  Bifold,  Compound  and  Continuous  Swings. 

APPENDIX. 

Professional  commendations  of  the  Indian  club  exercise.  . 
TABULAR  REVIEW.. 

m  f98IT 


RETURN     CIRCULATION  DEPARTMENT 
TO—-*      202  Main  Library 

LOAN  PERIOD  1 
HOME  USE 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

ALL  BOOKS  MAY  BE  RECALLED  AFTER  7  DAYS 

1  -month  loans  may  be  renewed  by  calling  642-3405 

6-month  loans  may  be  recharged  by  bringing  books  to  Circulation  Desk 

Renewals  and  recharges  may  be  made  4  days  prior  to  due  date 


DUE  AS  STAMPED  BELOW 

MAY  20  19flf) 

1  

l&Sb. 

EC  CRC  FEB  2  8  191 

15 

UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA,  BERKELEY 
FORM  NO.  DD6,  60m,  3/80          BERKELEY,  CA  94720 


